Treatment and nursing measures for fundus retinal vein occlusion

Many people do not understand what retinal vein occlusion is, and even patients with this type of eye disease do not fully understand the disease. Retinal vein occlusion is caused by problems with the blood flow arteries inside the eye. The treatment and care of this type of disease must be extremely cautious, and daily life must fully comply with the doctor's health instructions.

1. Causes

1. Retinal vein occlusion is mainly related to changes in blood rheology, vascular wall, and hemodynamics such as advanced age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, high blood viscosity, and vasculitis.

2. Retinal arteriosclerosis can easily compress adjacent retinal veins and cause blockage.

3. High intraocular pressure, orbital tumors, oral contraceptives, etc. are also relatively likely to induce this disease.

2. Clinical manifestations

1 The main manifestations of central retinal vein occlusion are varying degrees of visual impairment and slow pupillary light reflex. Fundus examination revealed scattered flame-shaped and flake-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots on the retinal surface in the affected vein area, and edema of the optic disc and retina. In severe cases, new blood vessels may form in the retina, optic disc, or iris.

2. The most common branch retinal vein occlusion is the superior temporal branch. The main manifestation is varying degrees of decreased vision. The peripheral visual field is usually unaffected, but a central dark spot may appear in the central visual field. Fundus examination may reveal quadrant superficial retinal hemorrhage, retinal edema, and cotton-wool spots.

3. Treatment principles

1. There is no specific effective drug at present, and the main treatment is for etiology and anticoagulant thrombolytic therapy, such as lowering blood pressure and intraocular pressure, preventing thrombosis, and promoting bleeding absorption.

2. If there is vascular inflammation, glucocorticoids can be used for treatment.

3. For patients who have not seen improvement after more than four months of drug treatment, argon or krypton ion laser photocoagulation of capillary leakage can be used.

4. Laser photocoagulation can be used for patients with concurrent retinal neovascularization, and grid laser photocoagulation or micropulse photocoagulation can be used for patients with concurrent macular edema.

4. Nursing measures

1. Listen patiently to the patient's complaints and answer the patient's questions about disease prevention and treatment. Help patients build confidence in overcoming the disease, maintain physical and mental happiness, and actively cooperate with medical staff's treatment.

2. Keep the ward environment quiet, tidy and well ventilated.

3. Those who are seriously ill need to rest in bed, while those who are mildly ill can do appropriate activities, such as taking a walk. However, you should pay attention to lowering your head less and reducing head movements.

4. Diet: Eat light and easily digestible food, eat less fried, high-fat, and high-sugar food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and maintain normal bowel movements.

5. Health Guidance

1. Ask the patient to follow up regularly, generally once every 3 to 4 weeks.

2. Instruct patients to ensure adequate sleep and avoid excessive eye fatigue.

3. Actively treat internal medical diseases to prevent further aggravation of the condition. Patients with hypertension should not use diuretics as antihypertensive drugs.