Normal fasting blood sugar level, beware of diabetes

Fasting blood sugar is the most commonly used indicator for detecting diabetes. Do not exercise or eat breakfast before blood collection. If the fasting blood sugar is too high, it is very likely that you have diabetes. Symptoms such as polyuria, thirst, fatigue, and weight loss will appear if you suffer from diabetes.

1. Fasting blood sugar reference value

The normal fasting blood glucose value is 3.89-6.1mmol/L. If it is greater than 6.1mmol/L and less than 7.0mmol/L, it is impaired fasting blood glucose. If the fasting blood glucose is greater than or equal to 7.0mmol/L twice, diabetes is considered. It is recommended to recheck the fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test. If the random blood sugar level is greater than or equal to 11.1mmol/L, diabetes can be diagnosed. If blood sugar is lower than 2.8mmol/L, the corresponding clinical symptoms are called "hypoglycemia".

For a normal person, the blood sugar level is less than 7.8mmol/L 2 hours after a meal. If the blood sugar level is greater than or equal to 7.8mmol/L and less than 11.1mmol/L 2 hours after a meal, it means impaired glucose tolerance. If blood sugar level is greater than or equal to 11.1mmol/L 2 hours after a meal, it is considered diabetes (need to try again another day). (Excluding stress conditions, such as infection and trauma). At this time, formal treatment is required.

2. Inspection precautions

It is best to draw blood between 6:00 and 8:00 in the morning to measure fasting blood sugar. Do not take hypoglycemic drugs, eat breakfast, or exercise before blood collection. If the fasting blood is drawn too late, the measured blood sugar value will hardly truly reflect the patient's treatment effect, and the result may be too high or too low.

Some patients mainly show increased blood sugar after meals, while fasting blood sugar is normal, so it is necessary to measure blood sugar after meals to truly understand the condition. Blood sugar control for diabetes requires full-time control, that is, not only fasting blood sugar must meet the standard, but postprandial blood sugar should also drop to a certain level.

3. Main symptoms of diabetes

(1) Polyuria: Diabetic patients have increased urine volume, with daily urine volume reaching 3,000 to 4,000 ml, and up to more than 10,000 ml. The frequency of urination also increases, and some patients may urinate more than 20 times a day. Because of high blood sugar, it cannot be fully utilized in the body. In particular, the substances filtered out by the glomerulus cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, resulting in osmotic diuresis. The higher the blood sugar, the more urine output, and the more sugar excreted, creating a vicious cycle.

(2) Polydipsia: Due to polyuria, excessive water loss occurs, resulting in intracellular dehydration, which stimulates the thirst center and requires drinking water to replenish water. Therefore, the more you urinate, the more water you naturally drink, forming a proportional relationship.

(3) Polyphagia: Due to excessive sugar loss in the urine, such as more than 500 grams of sugar lost per day, the body is in a semi-starved state. The lack of energy causes hyperphagia, increased food intake, increased blood sugar, and increased urine sugar, which repeats over and over again.

(4) Weight loss: Because the body cannot fully utilize glucose, the decomposition of fat and protein is accelerated, resulting in excessive consumption, weight loss, and weight loss.

(5) Fatigue: Due to metabolic disorders, energy cannot be released normally, tissue cells lose water, and electrolytes are abnormal, so patients feel weak and listless.