Nursing measures for craniocerebral injury, scientific care leads to quick recovery

Craniocerebral injury is a head injury caused by violence. It is necessary to take good care of craniocerebral injury, especially postoperative care. The patient should be suctioned in time, maintain a proper body position, and observe changes in the patient's consciousness, which can also provide a basis for diagnosis of the disease.

1. Clinical Nursing

1. Body position: For patients with craniocerebral injury or surgery, the head of the bed should be elevated 15 to 30 degrees and tilted to one side. This is beneficial for venous return, reducing cerebral edema, lowering intracranial pressure, increasing lung ventilation, and reducing reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract.

2. Suctioning: Patients who are in a coma due to brain damage are very likely to develop complications such as suffocation and aspiration pneumonia because their tongue muscles are relaxed, the root of the tongue falls back, the cough reflex disappears, and secretions accumulate in the lower airway. Therefore, special attention should be paid to nursing. In addition to absorbing sputum in time, the patient should be assisted to turn over and tap his back when the condition is stable and allows, so as to facilitate the discharge of sputum, keep the airway open, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of complications.

3. State of consciousness: Changes in consciousness are closely related to the severity of brain injury and are one of the main manifestations of brain trauma. In nursing, the Glasgow score is used to judge the degree of consciousness disorder and provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.

2. Causes of craniocerebral injury

Traumatic brain injury begins with the mechanical distortion of the skull, meninges, cerebral blood vessels and brain tissue caused by the external force acting on the head. The type of damage depends on the location and severity of the mechanical deformation. Primary brain injury mainly involves damage to neural tissue and cerebral blood vessels, which manifests as rupture of nerve fibers and dysfunction of outgoing function, dysfunction of different types of nerve cells, and even cell death. Secondary brain injury includes cerebral ischemia, cerebral hematoma, brain swelling, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, etc. These pathophysiological changes are caused by primary injury and in turn can aggravate the pathological changes of primary brain injury.