What is the mechanism of neurohumoral immune regulation?

For most people, humoral immunity is a very unfamiliar term. The so-called humoral immunity is mainly a mechanism of self-immunity in which the human body produces antibodies through cells. For example, when the human body is invaded by bacteria and viruses, effector B cells will produce antibodies. Antibodies can prevent the invasion of pathogens. This is called neurohumoral immune regulation in medicine. Let's understand the mechanism of neurohumoral immune regulation.

Mechanisms of neurohumoral immune regulation:

Neurohumoral immune regulation is the regulatory mechanism of the human body's internal environment homeostasis.

1. The basic form of neural regulation is reflex, which refers to the regular response of the human or animal body to changes in the external environment with the participation of the nervous system. The structural basis for completing the reflex is: the reflex arc.

Reflexes can be divided into conditioned reflexes and unconditioned reflexes.

Reflex arc: receptor afferent nerve nerve center efferent nerve effector (the order cannot be reversed)

2. Humoral regulation refers to the regulation of life activities by hormones and other chemical substances transmitted through body fluids.

Compared with neural regulation, humoral regulation has a slower reaction speed, a wider range of action, and a longer duration of action, and its mechanism of action is fluid transport.

Body fluids: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid (plasma, tissue fluid, and lymph)

3. Immunoregulation is the body's function of protecting the body through the immune system.

The immune system is composed of immune organs (tonsils, thyroid, thymus, spleen, bone marrow), immune cells (lymphocytes: T cells and B cells, phagocytes, etc.), and immune substances (antibodies, lymphokines, lysozyme, etc.).

There are three lines of immune defense. The first is the skin, mucous membranes and their secretions. The second is the bactericidal substances and phagocytes in body fluids. The third pathway is composed of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. The first and second lanes are nonspecific immunity, and the third lane is specific immunity. The way to distinguish the first and second lines of defense is whether they have entered the internal environment.

There are many types of antigens and B cell antigen receptors (BCRs). In humoral immunity, the BCR of B lymphocytes directly binds to antigens. A B lymphocyte has only one type of BCR on its surface. When an antigen invades the body, only B lymphocytes with BCR complementary to this antigen can bind to it, and only B lymphocyte clones that are selectively stimulated can be expanded (clonal selection theory).