What is the reason for frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination and blood in urine

It is normal for people to urinate six to eight times a day. If you drink less water, you will go to the toilet less often and your urine will become transparent and colorless. Conversely, you will go to the toilet more often and your urine will become darker in color. This is all normal and there is no need to worry. If you experience pain or blood in your urine, you should pay attention. So, what is going on? Let me tell you about it now.

Consider the possibility of urinary tract infection. More than 95% of hematuria is caused by diseases of the urinary system itself. Normal urine contains very small amounts of red blood cells. Uncentrifuged urine may have 0 to 2 red blood cells in each high-power field of view under a microscope. If the number exceeds this, it is hematuria. Common diseases that cause hematuria include various nephritis, urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary tract stones, renal tuberculosis, renal tumors, kidney and urethra injuries, etc. Hematuria is one of the main symptoms of the above diseases.

1. Initial hematuria: Hematuria is only seen at the beginning of urination, and the lesions are mostly in the urethra.

2 Terminal hematuria: Hematuria occurs at the end of urination, and the lesions are mostly in the bladder trigone, bladder neck or posterior urethra.

3. Whole-process hematuria: Hematuria occurs during the entire process of urination, and the bleeding sites are mostly in the bladder, ureters or kidneys.

(1) Frequent urination refers to an increase in the number of urinations. There are two types of frequent urination: physiological frequent urination and pathological frequent urination. Physiological frequent urination is caused by drinking too much water, mental stress or climate changes. There are two types of pathological frequent urination:

1) The frequency of urination increases but the urine volume is normal each time, so the total daily urine volume increases. This is seen in diabetes, diabetes insipidus, and the polyuria stage of acute renal failure.

2) The frequency of urination increases but the amount of urine each time decreases, or there is only the urge to urinate but no urine is discharged. The reasons are: ① Irritability of the bladder and urine: such as bladder, posterior urethra verification and bladder combination or stones. In case of bladder tuberculosis, frequent urination lasts for a particularly long time; ② Decreased bladder capacity: seen in space-occupying lesions in the bladder, tuberculous contracted bladder or pregnant uterus, uterine fibroids, uterine prolapse compressing the bladder, etc.; ③ Lower urinary tract obstruction: seen in prostate hyperplasia, urethral stenosis, etc., usually with difficulty urinating, manifested as slow start of urination, labored urination, shortened range, weakened ejection force, interrupted or dripping urine stream; ④ Neurogenic bladder: bladder dysfunction due to nervous system diseases.

(2) Urinary urgency refers to the patient's inability to control urination as soon as he or she feels the urge to urinate. It is seen in acute cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, lower ureteral stones, bladder cancer, and neurogenic bladder; a few are related to mental factors. Urgent urination is accompanied by frequent urination and painful urination.

(3) Dysuria refers to pain or burning sensation in the bladder area and urethra caused by irritation when the patient urinates. It is seen in urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, bladder tuberculosis, bladder stones, foreign bodies, advanced bladder cancer, etc. The pain when urinating may be burning or stinging. Urethritis often causes pain at the beginning of urination; cystitis often causes worsening pain at the end of urination; in addition to urinary pain, prostatitis also causes pain in the suprapubic area, lumbosacral area, or glans penis; bladder stones or foreign objects often cause interruption of urine flow.

Patients should control their salt intake appropriately to ensure that the kidneys have adequate water. They can drink some light salt water and avoid beverages, which will cause excessive calories in the body and lead to weight gain. They should not eat spicy or cold foods and eat more fruits, such as watermelon and bananas. If they also experience symptoms of frequent urination, they should also supplement with potassium, such as walnuts and beans.