What are the causes of aortic dissection?

Aortic dissection refers to blood entering the aortic wall through a tear in the aortic intima and causing separation of the normal arterial wall. It is one of the most common aortic diseases. Its symptoms often include sudden, severe, chest and back, and tearing pain. In severe cases, heart failure and fainting may occur, and the greatest harm is death. Therefore, people should pay attention to aortic dissection and understand the causes of aortic dissection.

Aortic dissection refers to the dissection of the aortic wall, which was previously called aortic dissecting aneurysm. It refers to the rupture of the aortic intima caused by various reasons. Blood enters the middle layer of the aortic wall through the rupture in the intima to form a hematoma, leading to stratification of the blood vessel wall. The detached intima pieces separate to form a double-lumen aorta. However, 8% to 15% of cases do not have an intimal tear. This may be due to bleeding in the middle layer of the aortic wall, also known as intramural hematoma. Dilation of the aortic lumen rather than the aortic wall is distinct from an aortic aneurysm. What are the causes of aortic dissection? 1. Cystic degeneration of the aortic media. Degenerative changes in the aortic media, namely the degradation of collagen and elastic tissue, often accompanied by cystic changes, are considered to be a prerequisite for aortic dissection. Cystic medial degeneration is an intrinsic feature of genetic defects of connective tissue, particularly Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome. There is an unexplained relationship between pregnancy and aortic dissection. About half of aortic dissections in women under 40 years old occur during pregnancy, and most occur within 3 months of pregnancy or in the early postpartum period. Famous athletes Zhu Gang and Heyman died suddenly due to acute aortic dissection and rupture caused by Marfan syndrome. 2. Hypertension. Hypertension is an important factor causing aortic dissection. About half of patients with proximal and almost all patients with distal aortic dissection have hypertension. During acute attacks, they all show symptoms of hypertensive crisis, sometimes accompanied by aortic atherosclerotic plaque ulcers. Because long-term hypertension can cause smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, degeneration and middle layer necrosis. With the sharp increase in the incidence of hypertension, the number of patients with aortic dissection admitted clinically in my country has increased sharply in recent years, which must arouse the vigilance of medical workers and the public. 3. Trauma. Direct trauma can cause aortic dissection, and blunt trauma can cause local tearing and hematoma of the aorta, forming aortic dissection. Aortic dissection can be caused by intra-aortic catheterization or intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Cardiac surgery, such as aortocoronary artery bypass grafting, can occasionally cause aortic dissection. In addition, whether aortic dissection is related to race is a question worth observing. Although there is no systematic epidemiological survey data, according to academic exchanges with foreign countries and literature reports in recent years, the incidence of aortic dissection in China is much higher than that in Europe and the United States.

What are the causes of aortic dissection? From the above introduction, it can be seen that aortic dissection is extremely destructive. While cooperating with the doctor's treatment, patients should pay attention to dietary assistance in daily life, mainly eat light food, eat less high-fat and high-salt food, control blood flow rate, maintain the oxygen content in the blood, do not smoke, and try to eat less spicy food, so as to effectively prevent it.