Causes, treatments and drugs for thyroid nodules

The thyroid gland has a protective function for the body, but once a disease occurs, the damage to the body is particularly serious. Therefore, many patients with thyroid nodules want to understand the causes of thyroid nodules, as well as treatment methods and drugs in order to recover as soon as possible. In order for you to understand it as soon as possible, please see the detailed introduction below.

In clinical practice, the classification of cancer is generally determined based on the case puncture. Common thyroid cancers include papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The age distribution of various types of thyroid cancer is also different. Papillary adenocarcinoma is the most widely distributed, and can occur in children under 10 years old to centenarians. Follicular carcinoma is more common in people aged 20 to 100 years old, medullary carcinoma is more common in people aged 40 to 80 years old, and undifferentiated carcinoma is more common in people aged 40 to 90 years old. ——What are the risk factors for thyroid cancer? 1. Genetics. There is a family history. 2. Nuclear magnetic radiation. For example, the incidence of thyroid tumors increased in Japan after nuclear radiation. 3. High iodine. It is more prevalent in coastal areas, which is related to high iodine intake.

4. Influence of estrogen. ——Thyroid cancer patients can basically eat and work normally after surgery.

1. Appropriately control iodine-rich foods. For example, kelp, seafood, and seaweed.

2. Avoid excessive fatigue and avoid smoking and drinking.

3. Regular review. With the advancement of examination methods and the improvement of physical examination awareness, the detection rate of thyroid nodules has gradually increased. More than half of the people over 50 years old will have it, which makes many people very worried, because some thyroid nodules will develop into cancer. The recently released Beijing Population Health Status Report shows that thyroid cancer is the tumor with the fastest increasing incidence among all malignant tumors, and has ranked among the top five tumors in women. ——Are nodules really scary? Thyroid nodules are a common problem in clinical practice. It is usually discovered by a doctor during a physical examination, or by people around you in daily life and work. In Europe and the United States, 5% to 7% of the general population has thyroid nodules. If B-ultrasound is used for examination, the chance of finding thyroid nodules that cannot be felt by hand is higher, reaching 50% in people over 50 years old. In our country, there is no large-scale epidemiological data showing the incidence rate. However, recent studies have found that in the northwest region, the incidence of thyroid nodules is very high among middle-aged and elderly people. The number of nodules discovered by B-ultrasound in men and women was 37% and 46%, respectively, of which one-third were larger than 1 cm. )——When some friends have a physical examination and B-ultrasound, the doctor will tell them that they have nodules, and they seem to be divided into cystic or solid. Which one is more dangerous? Most of the thyroid nodules that can be felt clinically are benign, and only about 10% are malignant. Therefore, most people with thyroid nodules do not need to worry. Previous clinical reports on thyroid surgery in China have shown that in most hospitals, the proportion of thyroidectomies due to malignant tumors only accounts for 10% to 15% of all thyroid surgeries. This shows that most cases undergoing thyroid surgery are benign. It also shows that my country's understanding of the surgical conditions for thyroid nodules is too broad and not selective enough. I have personally seen that in the top thyroid surgery departments in the United States, thyroid cancer accounts for 40% of all thyroid surgeries.

——How to treat nodules.

1. Benign: Observe, use thyroid hormone to inhibit growth?

2. Cystic nodules: The chance of malignancy is small and can be aspirated and ethanol injected into the cyst.

3. Follicular adenoma or eosinophilic adenoma: Because about 20% of patients in this group have malignant tumors, surgery is recommended. ——What kind of people need thyroid nodule surgery, what is the surgical method, and does it have any impact on the body? For thyroid nodules that cannot be ruled out as malignant, surgical treatment should be performed, and the affected side of the gland should be removed. Adenoma or nodule resection and subtotal thyroidectomy are not recommended. This is because:

1. After lobectomy, if the tumor is malignant, diagnosis and treatment can be completed at one time, which is in line with the principles of tumor surgery;

2. Lobe resection will not miss hidden cancer. If it is malignant, it will not recur locally on the affected side;

3. After lobectomy, if another surgery is needed, there is no need to treat the affected side again, which reduces the chance of nerve damage caused by adhesions and accidental resection of the parathyroid gland; 4. The postoperative recurrence rate of nodular goiter is 25%. After lobectomy, there is no risk of recurrence on that side; 5. When an experienced surgeon performs lobectomy, the chance of permanent nerve damage is less than 1%.

The causes, treatments and drugs for thyroid nodules are fully introduced above. If you have thyroid nodules and have not achieved good results after other treatments, you can fully understand the above reasons. By understanding the causes, treatments and drugs, and then carrying out targeted treatment, I believe you will recover as soon as possible.