What causes women to get cervical cancer?

The main cause of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially persistent infection with high-risk HPV. Other factors include a weakened immune system, long-term use of oral contraceptives, smoking, multiple sexual partners, and family heredity. Prevention and treatment of cervical cancer requires regular screening, HPV vaccination, improved lifestyle, and timely medical treatment.

1. HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV is a common sexually transmitted virus, among which high-risk HPV such as HPV16 and HPV18 are closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. Continuous infection with high-risk HPV can cause abnormalities in cervical cells and may eventually develop into cancer. The key to preventing HPV infection is to get the HPV vaccine, which is recommended before the start of sexual activity. The best age is 9-26 years old.

2. A weak immune system increases the risk of cervical cancer. The immune system plays an important role in clearing HPV infection, and weak immune function may lead to persistent viral infection. People with AIDS, people who use immunosuppressants after organ transplantation, and people who are under high pressure for a long time are more likely to have a weak immune system. Ways to enhance immunity include a balanced diet, moderate exercise, adequate sleep, and reducing stress.

3. Long-term use of oral contraceptives is associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. Studies have shown that women who use oral contraceptives for more than 5 years have an increased risk of cervical cancer. Oral contraceptives may increase the risk of HPV infection by changing the metabolic environment of cervical cells. For women with a family history of cervical cancer, it is recommended to choose an appropriate contraceptive method under the guidance of a doctor and undergo regular cervical cancer screening.

4. Smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer. Tobacco poisoning can damage cervical cells and increase the risk of developing cancer after HPV infection. Smoking also reduces the function of the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to clear HPV infection. Quitting smoking is an important measure to reduce the risk of cervical cancer and can also improve overall health.

5. Multiple sexual partners and early sexual activity also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Sexual activity is the main way HPV is transmitted. Women who have many sexual partners or start sexual activity at an early age are more likely to be infected with HPV. Safe sex such as using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, but it still cannot completely prevent it.

6. Family heredity also plays a role in the occurrence of cervical cancer. Women with a family history of cervical cancer have a higher risk of the disease, which may be related to genetic susceptibility. For this group of people, it is recommended to pay more attention to cervical cancer screening and prevention measures.

The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer requires multi-faceted efforts. Regular cervical cytology tests such as TCT and HPV testing can detect abnormalities early and provide timely treatment. HPV vaccination is an effective means of preventing cervical cancer, especially for women who are not infected with HPV. Improving lifestyle habits such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, exercising moderately, and maintaining a good attitude can also help reduce the risk of cervical cancer. For patients who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer, treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and the specific plan needs to be formulated by the doctor based on the condition. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the cure rate of cervical cancer, so women should pay attention to the screening and prevention of cervical cancer.