What is a malignant hydatidiform mole

Malignant hydatidiform mole is a gestational trophoblastic disease, a highly malignant tumor, mainly caused by abnormal development of the fertilized egg. It is characterized by excessive proliferation of trophoblasts and invasion of the uterine myometrium, which may cause complications such as severe bleeding and metastasis. The treatment is mainly surgical resection, combined with chemotherapy and regular follow-up.

1. Causes of malignant hydatidiform mole

The occurrence of malignant hydatidiform mole is related to many factors. Genetic factors are one of the important reasons. Chromosomal abnormalities such as triploidy or tetraploidy may lead to abnormal development of the fertilized egg. Environmental factors such as radiation and chemical exposure may also increase the risk. Among physiological factors, women who are too old or too young, have a history of multiple miscarriages, and malnutrition may affect the normal development of gestational trophoblasts. Although trauma or infection does not directly lead to malignant hydatidiform mole, it may induce related pathological changes. Women with a history of hydatidiform mole have a higher risk of recurrence.

2. Symptoms and diagnosis of malignant hydatidiform mole

Typical symptoms of malignant hydatidiform mole include abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal uterine enlargement, and severe vomiting during pregnancy. Some patients may experience symptoms of hyperthyroidism or lung metastasis. Diagnosis mainly relies on ultrasound examination, serum hCG level detection, and pathological examination. Ultrasound can show abnormal echoes in the uterus and significantly elevated hCG levels. Pathological examination can clearly show trophoblastic proliferation and infiltration.

3. Treatment of malignant hydatidiform mole

The treatment of malignant hydatidiform mole is mainly surgery, combined with chemotherapy and follow-up. Surgery usually uses curettage to completely remove abnormal tissue in the uterus. Chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate and actinomycin D can effectively control trophoblastic proliferation and prevent metastasis. For high-risk patients, multiple courses of chemotherapy may be required. Follow-up is essential, and regular monitoring of hCG levels can detect recurrence or metastasis early.

4. Diet and lifestyle advice

During treatment, patients should pay attention to balanced nutrition, eat more foods rich in protein and vitamins, such as eggs, fish, fresh vegetables, etc., and avoid high-sugar and high-fat diets. Appropriate exercise such as walking and yoga can help strengthen the body, but strenuous activities should be avoided. Psychological adjustment is also important. Family support and professional psychological counseling can help patients relieve anxiety.

Although malignant hydatidiform mole is a malignant disease, it has a good prognosis through early diagnosis and standardized treatment. Patients should actively cooperate with treatment, follow up regularly, and maintain good living habits and mentality to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve the quality of life.