Why does tongue cancer occur and what causes it

The occurrence of tongue cancer is usually associated with a variety of risk factors, including long-term smoking, drinking, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and unhealthy oral hygiene habits. Knowing the causes and taking preventive measures as early as possible can help reduce the risk of disease. If persistent tongue ulcers or lumps have already appeared, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Tongue cancer is a malignant tumor of the tongue that often occurs on the side edge of the tongue because this area is more susceptible to irritation. Long-term exposure to carcinogenic factors, such as frequent smoking and drinking, can cause the tongue mucosal cells to become cancerous. Frequent unhealthy oral environments, such as tooth decay, tartar, or repeated friction from poor-quality dentures, can also increase the likelihood of cancer.

The combined risk of smoking and drinking is particularly evident, because the carcinogens in tobacco and alcohol work together to destroy the mucosal barrier of the tongue. HPV infection, malnutrition (such as long-term deficiency of vitamin A and iron), and genetic factors may all be potential triggers. Some studies have shown that people who like to eat hot or spicy food may also increase their risk of disease if their tongue is kept in a high temperature or irritated state for a long time.

To protect the health of the tongue, you can first quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption, and avoid irritating foods, which can reduce long-term damage to the tongue caused by the outside world. Develop the habit of brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, rinsing your mouth after meals, and regularly check your oral health. If you find unexplained small ulcers, red and white spots, persistent pain or numbness on your tongue that have not healed for more than two weeks, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis is very important. A universal healthy lifestyle is not only effective in reducing the risk of tongue cancer, but also beneficial to overall health.