What are the diagnostic methods for liver cancer? Six methods for diagnosing liver cancer

Clinically, the symptoms of liver disease are not very obvious, so by the time we find that the liver is sick, it is already liver cancer or in the late stage of liver cancer. Secondly, most liver cancer patients did not have regular physical examinations before. When they found that they were not feeling well, they simply bought some medicine or used the method of "boiling", which undoubtedly created space for the development of liver cancer. So how do we diagnose liver cancer and find liver cancer? The following are six methods for diagnosing liver cancer revealed by experts:

(I) Alpha-fetoprotein assay: It is an immunological method to detect the embryonic antigen produced. It is one of the most specific methods for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma and is relatively specific for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. In the absence of other evidence of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma can be diagnosed if α-Fp countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis is positive or quantitative > 500ng/ml for more than one month, and pregnancy, active liver disease, gonadal embryonic tumors, etc. can be excluded.

(ii) Blood enzyme examination: The serum levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in liver cancer patients may be higher than normal, but due to the lack of specificity, they are mostly used as auxiliary diagnosis.

(III) Ultrasound examination: B-type ultrasound examination can show the size, shape, location of the tumor, and the presence of cancer thrombus in the hepatic vein or portal vein. The diagnostic consistency rate can reach 84%. It can detect lesions with a diameter of 2 cm or less. It is currently the best non-invasive examination method with positioning value.

(IV) Radionuclide liver scan: Liver scan often shows enlarged liver that has lost its normal shape. The space-occupying lesions are often areas of sparse radioactivity or radioactive defects. The positive coincidence rate for liver cancer diagnosis is 85-90%. However, tumors with a diameter of less than 3 cm are not easily shown on the scan image.

(V) CT examination: It has high resolution and can detect early liver cancer with a diameter of about 1.0 cm. Enhanced scanning can help differentiate it from hemangioma. The diagnostic accuracy rate for liver cancer is as high as 90%. However, it is expensive and cannot be widely used.

(VI) X-ray examination: Abdominal fluoroscopy or plain film shows enlarged liver shadows. Cancer in the right lobe of the liver often shows elevation of the right diaphragm, limited movement or localized bulge. X-ray barium meal examination shows compression of the stomach and transverse colon in the left lobe of the liver or in giant liver cancer.