How does the IUD prevent pregnancy

The IUD is a common contraceptive measure. The principle of the IUD is to place the IUD in the female uterine cavity, which can prevent the fertilized egg from implanting normally. However, after girls use the IUD, if they do not pay attention to their reproductive health, it will cause certain harm to their bodies. Therefore, girls should have a certain understanding of the relevant knowledge of the IUD to avoid serious situations. So, how does the IUD prevent pregnancy?

1. The copper ions in the copper intrauterine contraceptive ring aggravate the aseptic inflammatory response of the endometrium and interfere with the activity of the enzyme system necessary for implantation, which is not conducive to the implantation of the fertilized egg and the development of the blastocyst.

2. Copper ions may also change the biochemical properties of cervical mucus, affect sperm activity and capacitation, and thus further enhance the contraceptive effect. Copper ions can also directly kill sperm and fertilized eggs.

3. The role of prostaglandins: Long-term stimulation of the IUD causes the endometrium to produce prostaglandins. On the one hand, prostaglandins can enhance uterine contraction and fallopian tube peristalsis, causing fertilized eggs that are not sufficiently developed and divided to be sent to the uterine cavity prematurely, thus affecting implantation.

4. A large amount of prostaglandins can enhance the effect of estrogen, inhibiting the decidual reaction of the endometrium during pregnancy, which is not conducive to the implantation of the fertilized egg.

5. The ring can interfere with the normal cyclic changes of the endometrium, which is not conducive to implantation; it can also affect the transport or capacitation of sperm. Intrauterine devices containing high doses of levonorgestrel may also inhibit ovulation, change the properties of cervical mucus, and hinder sperm penetration.

The mechanism of human pregnancy is that the female ovary releases an egg, the egg is fertilized in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, and then develops into an embryo (morula) in the fallopian tube. The embryo is then released into the uterus to implant and grow. Contraception is about blocking any of these steps.

The contraceptive principle of the intrauterine device (IUD) is: when an embryo wants to implant in the uterus, the constantly moving IUD scrapes the uterine wall, causing aseptic inflammation of the uterus, making it impossible for the embryo to implant and conceive normally in the uterus, thereby causing miscarriage to achieve the purpose of contraception. The essence of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long-term, mild curettage abortion procedure, and is the first choice for Chinese women's contraception after marriage.

Inert intrauterine contraceptive device: made of stainless steel wire or plastic, silicone, such as metal single ring, twisted ring and stainless steel uterine ring.

Copper intrauterine device: It is the most widely used type of active intrauterine device, which uses the killing effect of copper on sperm or fertilized eggs to enhance the contraceptive effect.

Progestin-releasing intrauterine device: The progestin contained in the intrauterine device is slowly and steadily released into the uterine cavity, which improves the contraceptive effect and can significantly reduce bleeding.

Intrauterine devices that release hemostatic drugs: can effectively control the increase in menstrual volume after intrauterine device placement.

The foreign body effect of the intrauterine contraceptive device can cause asexual inflammation of the endometrium, thereby affecting the implantation of the fertilized egg. In addition to the above functions, the washable intrauterine contraceptive device also releases copper ions, which have a killing effect on sperm and embryos.

The intrauterine device containing progestin can release a small amount of progestin into the uterine cavity for a long time, causing the endometrium to atrophy, which is not conducive to the implantation of the fertilized egg. Both of these effects further enhance the contraceptive effect of the active intrauterine device.