Pathogenesis and classification of testicular cancer

The male reproductive system is very complex, and one of the most important parts is the testicles. The testicles not only have the function of spermatogenesis, but are also the root of men. Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor that causes unbearable pain to patients. Its treatment method is to remove the patient's testicles, which can be said to be very cruel. So, let's learn about the pathogenesis and classification of testicular cancer.

As one of the most common cancers in young men, the cause of testicular cancer is not well known. According to statistics, the incidence rate of testicular cancer in men is 7 per 100,000, and it is increasing year by year. The cause is usually the metastasis of malignant tumors.

There are several common pathogenesis of testicular cancer:

1. Cryptorchidism: Normally, the testicles will descend to the scrotum. If the testicles do not descend to the scrotum but remain in the abdominal cavity or groin, the risk of testicular cancer in men will increase significantly. Even surgery to move the testicles to the scrotum will not help.

2. Abnormal testicular development: Men with abnormal testicular development are prone to testicular cancer.

3. Genetic factors: Studies have shown that the occurrence of testicular cancer is related to genetic factors.

4. Klinefelter's syndrome: People with Klinefelter's syndrome (a sex chromosome abnormality with symptoms of low male hormone levels, infertility, large breasts, and small testes) are susceptible to testicular cancer.

5. A history of testicular cancer: Men with a history of testicular cancer are more likely to have testicular cancer in the other testicle. A family history of testicular cancer: If a person's father or brother has testicular cancer, he or she is more likely to have the disease than others.

Testicular cancer is divided into germ cell tumors, non-germ cell tumors and testicular secondary tumors, of which germ cell tumors are the most common, accounting for 90% to 95%. Germ cell tumors are divided into seminoma (35%), non-seminoma (embryocarcinoma; teratoma; choriocarcinoma, etc.) and mixed germ cell tumors. Non-germ cell tumors are divided into Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, gonadal stromal tumors, and mixed tumors.