What does a blood test check?

As modern people pay more and more attention to physical health issues, many people go to the hospital for physical examinations regularly. During the physical examination, a routine blood test is an essential test item, because it can effectively detect various indicators of a person's blood, thereby inferring whether there are any problems with the body. In summary, a routine blood test can mainly detect these aspects.

Blood routine examination methods and significance

A routine blood test collects venous blood or peripheral capillary blood to help diagnose the disease. Specific blood analysis methods include manual and instrumental analysis. The manual method is a traditional method that uses a microscope to detect four items: red blood cells, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and white blood cell classification. Instrumental analysis uses instruments to test blood.

The routine blood test is very fast, and the early symptoms of many diseases can be detected in time through this test. For example, the basic examination for anemia is the various indicators of hemoglobin and red blood cells; platelets test whether the coagulation function of various parts of the body is normal and to eliminate the risk of thrombosis; blood system diseases can be detected from routine blood tests. Routine blood tests are of positive significance for the timely detection and treatment of many diseases.

The blood routine examination items are mainly divided into three parts, namely the red blood cell system, white blood cell system and platelet system.

1. Red blood cell system:

The erythrocyte system includes red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT). The red blood cell system is more related to oxygen supply. If any of the indicators decrease, it indicates symptoms of anemia and the tissues are in a state of hypoxia. If any of the indicators are elevated, there may be a risk of dehydration, pulmonary heart disease, and congenital heart disease.

2. Leukocyte system:

In general, a high white blood cell index indicates inflammation in the body, while a low white blood cell index may be due to a viral infection or drug effect. Specifically, white blood cells are composed of five types: neutrophils are the most numerous, and others include eosinophils, alkaliphils, lymphocytes and monocytes, and each cell has different functions.

3. Platelet system:

The most basic function of platelet examination is to detect the body's hemostasis and coagulation speed.