Classification and clinical manifestations of ovarian tumors

Ovarian tumors are very common gynecological tumors. They may occur in people of all ages, but according to data analysis, the histological types of tumors in patients of different ages vary. Ovarian malignant tumors are one of the three most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive organs. The ovaries are located deep in the pelvic cavity in the female body structure, and early lesions are not easy to detect. Once symptoms appear, they are mostly in the late stage, so you should be highly vigilant.

Ovarian tumors are usually classified histologically as follows: epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors, and metastatic tumors.

The clinical manifestations of benign ovarian tumors are as follows: In the early stage, benign ovarian tumors are usually small in shape and mostly asymptomatic. They are not easily discovered by patients and are discovered accidentally by patients during gynecological examinations. When the tumor grows to medium size, patients will have a feeling of abdominal distension or a lump in the abdomen, which usually has clear boundaries. During a gynecological examination, spherical masses will be found on one or both sides of the uterus, which are mostly cystic. The surface of the tumor is smooth and active and has no adhesion to the uterus. If the tumor grows larger, it may fill the pelvis and abdominal cavity and cause compression symptoms. The most obvious manifestations are frequent urination, constipation, and shortness of breath. The upper abdomen is bulging, the mass has poor mobility, and a solid sound is heard during gynecological percussion.

Clinical manifestations of ovarian malignant tumors: Ovarian malignant tumors are often asymptomatic in the early stages and are not easily discovered. They can be found during gynecological examinations. Symptoms include abdominal distension, abdominal masses, and ascites. The size, location, and degree of invasion of adjacent organs by the tumor will determine the severity of symptoms and the histological type; they are also related to complications. If the tumor infiltrates into the surrounding tissues or compresses the nerves, it will cause abdominal pain, back pain, or lower limb pain; if it compresses the pelvic veins, the patient will have characteristic manifestations of lower limb edema; if it is a functional tumor, it will produce corresponding symptoms of excess estrogen or androgen. In the late stage, patients may show signs of malignant diseases such as weight loss and severe anemia. In early gynecological hand examinations, hard nodules in the pelvic lining can be touched. The masses are mostly bilateral, solid or semi-solid, with uneven surfaces, inactive, and usually accompanied by ascites. Some patients can touch enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, axilla, or clavicle.

Once an ovarian tumor is found, surgical treatment should be performed if other indicators of the patient's body allow it. The purpose of surgery: 1. To make a clear diagnosis; 2. To remove the tumor; 3. To perform surgical-pathological staging of malignant tumors. After surgery, the decision on whether to perform adjuvant therapy should be made based on factors such as the nature of the ovarian tumor, histological type, and surgical-pathological staging.