Internal medicine nursing measures for breast cancer

Breast cancer is a very terrible disease in our lives, and it has a strong recurrence rate. Therefore, facing the harm of breast cancer to us, the only thing we can do is to prevent the occurrence of breast cancer in time in our lives. The following are some common breast cancer prevention measures for our friends.

1. Establish a new concept of early cancer: Early cancer is not uncommon among patients examined daily, and should be more common than common mid- and late-stage cancers, because in the natural course of breast cancer growth, the preclinical stage accounts for about 2/3 of the entire process. Despite this, early cancer is rarely detected, indicating that most early cancers are missed by examiners during examinations. The main reason is that examiners lack sufficient understanding of early cancer. To date, the vast majority of examiners still use the traditional concept of "breast lump" as the primary sign for diagnosing breast cancer. However, the aforementioned early cancer may not form an obvious lump. Under the guidance of this concept, early cancer is bound to be difficult to detect. Therefore, a new concept of early cancer should be re-understood.

2. Carefully check the risk factors for breast cancer: There are many risk factors for breast cancer, the most common of which are the following: (1) Family history of breast cancer, especially whether the mother and sisters of the examinee have had the disease; (2) Early menarche (before 12 years old) or late menopause (over 50 years old); (3) Lack of childbearing after 40 years old; (4) A history of cancer in one breast, with the contralateral breast also a susceptible site, etc. Anyone with these factors should be considered susceptible to breast cancer and should be the focus of examination.

3. The cause of any abnormality in the breast should be identified.

(1) Nipple discharge, especially bloody discharge, is often associated with breast cancer. In particular, when bloody discharge occurs in women over 50 years old, more than half of the cases may be malignant.

(2) Localized thickening of the breast glands is a very common but neglected clinical sign. If this occurs in premenopausal women, especially when there are some changes in size with the menstrual cycle, it is mostly physiological. If the thickened tissue exists for a long time and is not related to changes in the menstrual cycle, or it becomes increasingly thicker and larger in size, especially when it occurs in postmenopausal women, it must be taken seriously.

(3) If nipple erosion fails to respond to repeated local treatment, Paget's disease should be considered. The positive rate of cell smear is very high and a diagnosis should be made promptly.

(4) Breast pain in premenopausal women, especially when the degree of pain varies with the menstrual cycle, is mostly physiological. If the pain is localized, has a fixed location, is not related to the menstrual cycle, or is in postmenopausal women, the cause should be identified.

(5) Unexplained areola skin edema, nipple retraction, and localized depression of the breast skin all require careful investigation of the causes.

Breast cancer is very harmful to us, and in severe cases it even threatens our lives. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively prevent breast cancer.