How is cervical cancer diagnosed?

Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, second only to breast cancer and colorectal cancer. It is the second most common malignant tumor after breast cancer in developing countries and the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive tract. So how can cervical cancer be diagnosed?

1. Colposcopy: It can generally magnify 10 to 40 times and observe the surface epithelium and blood vessels of the cervix, which can improve the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal cytology and biopsy. It can also avoid the abuse of cervical biopsy and unnecessary cone cutting. Some people believe that the value of colposcopy for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer is comparable to that of cytology, and the combination of the two can complement each other.
2. Full body examination: It is necessary to conduct a full body examination on patients with cervical cancer, which can not only understand whether there are distant metastatic lesions, but also provide a basis for formulating treatment plans. When examining patients in the advanced stage, attention should be paid to whether the iliac fossa, inguinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes are enlarged, whether the kidneys can be touched, and whether there is percussion pain in the kidney area.
3. Other auxiliary examinations: In order to further understand the location and scope of cancer spread and metastasis, certain necessary auxiliary examinations should be performed according to the specific circumstances, such as chest fluoroscopy or film, cystoscopy, colonoscopy, intravenous pyelography, lymphangiography and isotope renal examination.