Can I have an arterial infusion?

Arteries cannot be used for infusion, mainly because the blood circulation in the arteries is too fast. If arterial infusion is used, the fluid will not be able to flow into the blood and will cause continuous arterial bleeding, which will cause great harm to the body. I hope everyone can understand the dangers of arterial infusion. Generally, arterial transfusion is mainly caused by excessive bleeding. At this time, arterial transfusion can quickly replenish blood.

Arterial transfusion

Indications

When rescuing severe hypotension, a small amount of arterial blood transfusion can quickly raise blood pressure.

Contraindications

1. Patients with myocardial diseases, heart failure, severe renal diseases, essential hypertension, etc. should avoid blood transfusion unless absolutely necessary. If it is urgently needed, a small amount of blood transfusion should be given slowly.

2. Blood transfusion should be performed with caution in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions, especially type A patients.

Prepare

1. Introduce the purpose, methods and precautions of treatment to the patient and obtain the patient's cooperation.

2. Before adding blood into the bottle, carefully check the patient's and blood donor's name, blood type, blood bottle number, and whether there is hemolysis.

method

(1) Radial artery transfusion: After local disinfection and covering with a drape, a longitudinal incision is made in the skin and subcutaneous tissue 2 cm above and inside the radial styloid process. The incision is about 1 to 2 cm long. When separating the radial artery sheath, be careful not to damage the two accompanying veins. Free the radial artery about 2 to 3 cm, wrap it with two medium-sized silk threads, and lift the distal silk threads to make the artery tense; use an arterial puncture guide needle to pierce the blood vessel, remove the needle core, and if blood flows out, it proves that the needle has entered the blood vessel. Connect the installed arterial blood transfusion device and quickly infuse 300 to 400 ml of blood under pressure. The blood should be transfused within 5 minutes. After blood transfusion, place the needle core into the guide needle, draw out the medium-sized silk thread, suture the skin with one stitch, leave the guide needle in the radial artery for use, and bandage it. If arterial transfusion is no longer required, the arterial guide needle can be removed and a pressure bandage can be applied to stop the bleeding.

(2) Femoral artery puncture and blood transfusion method: Place a pillow under the buttocks to tense the groin area on the puncture side, and disinfect the area and cover it with a sterile cloth. Feel the femoral artery pulsation point under the inguinal ligament, and use an 18-gauge puncture needle to pierce the femoral artery obliquely upward. After puncture, blood will spray into the syringe with the pulse. Inject an appropriate amount of normal saline. If there is no local swelling, you can connect the arterial blood transfusion device for pressurized rapid blood transfusion. After removing the puncture needle, applying local pressure for 5 to 10 minutes can stop the bleeding.

Precautions

1. The two bottles of blood cannot be mixed directly. Blood should not be added to glucose water for transfusion.

2. During pressurized blood transfusion, prevent bubbles from entering the blood vessels.

3. If the puncture needle is blocked by a blood clot, the needle should be changed and another puncture should be performed. Avoid using water to flush out the clot to avoid embolism.

4. Be careful to keep the infusion bottle mouth, connector, and puncture needle sterile. The intravenous blood transfusion set for patients with long-term blood transfusion should be changed daily.

5. Complications

(1) Fever reaction: Chills and high fever during or after blood transfusion are caused by pyrogens. After a reaction occurs, blood transfusion should be stopped and morphine 10 mg or luminal 0.1 g should be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The reaction usually disappears in a short time.

(2) Allergic reaction: If the patient develops urticaria, fever or other discomfort symptoms after blood transfusion, the blood transfusion should be stopped and 50 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride should be taken orally four times a day; or 0.5-1 mg of epinephrine should be injected subcutaneously; or 50 mg of promethazine should be injected intramuscularly.

(3) Hemolytic reaction: It usually occurs immediately after a small amount of blood is transfused, and the patient may experience symptoms such as dyspnea, irritability, cyanosis, back pain, hemoglobinuria, and shock. Treatment: Blood transfusion and anti-shock measures (cortisol can be used) should be stopped immediately, followed by renal blockade, alkalization of urine, and active prevention and treatment of acute renal failure.