Prevention of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy

Colorectal cancer is becoming increasingly common in life, which is very troublesome. So what is the cause of colorectal cancer? How can it be prevented? The following editor will answer them one by one. Colorectal cancer refers to malignant lesions of the colorectal mucosal epithelium caused by various carcinogenic factors such as environment or genetics. It has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It is one of the common malignant tumors in my country. Colorectal malignant tumors originate from the mucosal epithelium or submucosal mesenchymal tissue.

1. Environmental factors

Studies have shown that among various environmental factors, diet is the most important, and the incidence of colorectal cancer is positively correlated with the high fat consumption in the food. In addition, it may also be related to the lack of trace elements and changes in lifestyle habits.

2. Genetic factors

There are reports of "family-based colorectal cancer" both at home and abroad. The number of blood relatives of colorectal cancer patients who died of the disease is significantly higher than that of the general population. Some colorectal adenomas, such as multiple familial adenomatosis, are autosomal dominant genetic diseases with a family prevalence rate of up to 50%. If not treated, there is a possibility of colorectal cancer after the age of 10. Recently, some scholars have studied the relationship between tumor suppressor genes and colorectal cancer and found that the susceptibility and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are both related to genetic factors.

3. Colorectal adenoma

According to the research of autopsy materials from various places, the incidence of colorectal adenoma is quite consistent with colorectal cancer. Some statistics show that the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with one adenoma is 5 times higher than that in patients without adenoma, and the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with multiple adenomas is 1 times higher than that in patients with a single adenoma.

4. Chronic colon inflammation

It is reported that the prevalence of intestinal cancer is positively correlated with the prevalence of schistosomiasis. It is generally believed that due to schistosomiasis, inflammatory changes in the intestines may lead to cancer in some parts. Other chronic inflammations of the intestines may also lead to cancer, such as ulcerative colitis, which has a risk of cancer.

Precautions

1. Diet adjustment

Although colorectal cancer has a certain genetic tendency, the vast majority of sporadic colorectal cancers are closely related to environmental factors, especially dietary factors. Dietary intervention can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

① Energy intake Energy intake is related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Most studies have shown that total energy intake is related to the risk of colorectal cancer. Regardless of the energy intake being protein, fat or carbohydrates, reducing energy intake may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

②Fat and red meat The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to animal fat and meat. Studies have shown that women with high-fat diet have a higher risk of colorectal cancer than women with low-fat diet, and the intake of red meat is a strong risk factor for colorectal cancer. Reducing the fat content in food, especially eating less fried or grilled brown meat, may contribute to the occurrence of colorectal cancer.

③Fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber cellulose can increase stool volume, dilute carcinogens in the colon, and absorb bile salts, thereby reducing the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Therefore, in your daily diet, you should try to consume more vegetables, fruits, and cellulose, and eat a reasonable diet to reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer.

④ Vitamins and trace elements. Studies have shown that supplementation with vitamins A, C, and E can convert excessive colon epithelial hyperplasia to normal in patients with adenoma. However, current data do not support the use of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal cancer. The relationship between trace elements and colorectal cancer is not well studied. Folic acid can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer, but the specific mechanism is unclear.

⑤ Dietary anti-carcinogens: The sulfides contained in garlic, onions, leeks, and shallots, the terpenes contained in citrus fruits, the plant phenols contained in grapes, strawberries, and apples, and the carotene contained in carrots, yam, and watermelon are all considered to be able to inhibit mutations and have anti-cancer effects, especially garlic. Studies have shown that garlic is the vegetable with the strongest protective effect against distal colon cancer.

2. Change your lifestyle

① Obesity and exercise Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. Too little physical activity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Physical activity can affect colon peristalsis and facilitate the excretion of feces, thereby preventing colorectal cancer.

② Smoking The relationship between smoking and colorectal cancer is not yet certain, but it has been confirmed that smoking is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Current research suggests that smoking is a stimulus for the production of colorectal cancer genes, but it takes about 40 years to take effect.

③ Alcohol intake is related to colorectal cancer. Alcohol is also a risk factor for colorectal adenoma, but the specific reason is unclear. Reducing alcohol intake is beneficial to preventing colorectal cancer.

④ Reproductive factors Hormones and reproductive factors may affect the occurrence of colorectal cancer. American studies have shown that the incidence of colorectal cancer in single women is higher than that in married women. Some people believe that this is related to the fact that hormones can affect bile salt metabolism.

3. Medication

Many epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of colorectal cancer is reduced in people who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a long time, and taking low-dose aspirin 10 to 15 times a month can reduce the relative risk of colorectal cancer. However, there are also studies that do not support this statement, and the dosage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the duration of medication, and the side effects caused by long-term use also need further study.

4. Treating precancerous lesions

The incidence of colorectal cancer is significantly increased in patients with colorectal adenoma and ulcerative colitis. Through surveys and follow-ups, early removal of adenomas and treatment of colitis can reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Especially for those with a family history, genetic testing, screening of high-risk groups and colonoscopy are important aspects of colorectal cancer prevention.