3 diseases that need to be distinguished from bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Bladder transitional cell carcinoma is one of the histological classifications of bladder cancer and is a relatively common bladder tumor. Its incidence is related to environmental, smoking, and genetic factors, and the high-risk age is over 40 years old. The following three diseases are easily confused with bladder transitional cell carcinoma and need to be differentiated.

Bladder polyps

The onset of bladder polyps is often related to chronic bladder inflammation, parasites and foreign body stimulation. There may be bladder irritation symptoms, but generally no urination difficulties. Cystography shows bladder filling defects. The hematuria of bladder polyps is not very serious. Urine examinations do not show cancer cells. Under the microscope, the surface of the polyps is smooth and has no pedicles. However, the surface of bladder cancer tumors is cauliflower-shaped and is prone to ulceration and bleeding.

Bladder stones

A pelvic X-ray can be performed first to observe whether there are opaque shadows and other preliminary identification. Long-term bladder stones may lead to bladder cancer, and bladder cancer combined with stones is a common pathology. The two can be distinguished by cystoscopy. In addition to stones, bladder cancer patients can also see papillary or villous neoplasms under the microscope, and then a biopsy can be performed to further confirm the diagnosis.

Ureterocele

Ureteroceles are cystic dilatations at the end of the ureter. Patients generally do not experience hematuria unless there is a concurrent infection in which case a small amount of hematuria may occur. Ultrasound examination can show a thin-walled cystic mass in the bladder. Intravenous urography typically shows a "snake-head"-like enlargement of the end of the ureter, which may be accompanied by ureteral hydrops. During cystoscopy, there is a blister-like protrusion at the ureteral orifice, and the ureteral opening is needle-like and moves consistently with the ureter.