Do you know the treatment methods for malignant bone tumors?

The treatment of malignant bone tumors is the most commonly used and important method in comprehensive treatment. Surgery should be thorough to avoid recurrence, but limb function should be preserved as much as possible.

For malignant bone tumors, life-saving should be the priority. Only when the survival rate is not reduced can limb preservation be considered. Currently, the available limb-saving methods are:

Treatment of malignant bone tumors:

1. Artificial prosthesis replacement: Most patients with primary tumors are relatively young, active, loaded with heavy loads, and have high functional requirements. More bone tissue is removed and the defect is large, which places higher demands on the design, material properties, and fixation technology of the prosthesis. The principles of tumor surgery require extensive soft tissue resection, which inevitably changes the force and balance mechanism of the joint and the prosthesis, reducing the stability of the prosthesis. Due to the individualization of tumor patients, the production of tumor prostheses also needs to be individualized.

2. Vascularized autologous bone transplantation: It is suitable for malignant tumors of the lower femur, upper tibia, and distal radius. After extensive resection of the tumor, knee fusion and shoulder and wrist arthroplasty are suitable.

3. Allogeneic bone and hemi-joint transplantation: This is the most common treatment for malignant bone tumors. Its advantages are wide sources and easy use. It can restore bone continuity and volume, reconstruct joint structure, and provide attachment sites for soft tissue. After bone reconstruction is completed, it can be used for life.

The disadvantages are that there may be rejection reactions, weight-bearing must be avoided for a long time, and functional recovery is delayed. The main complications are deep infection, bone resorption, bone nonunion, fracture, articular surface collapse, loosening and breakage of internal fixation, late-stage joint degeneration and collapse, and joint instability.

4. Artificial joint-allogeneic bone composite implantation: Allogeneic bone transplantation has the best effect with large-segment bone transplantation, while allogeneic half-joint transplantation has more rejection reactions and more complications than the former. In order to avoid the disadvantages of allogeneic half-joint transplantation and retain the advantages of large-segment bone transplantation, allogeneic bone and artificial prosthesis composite transplantation can be used. It is suitable for reconstruction of hip and knee joint function after extensive tumor segment resection of malignant tumors at the upper and lower ends of the femur.

5. Tumor bone shell inactivation and replantation: The advantages are simple surgery and low cost. Microwave in situ inactivation can maintain the continuity and original shape of the bone shaft, reduce the impact on bone tissue activity and biomechanical properties, and is conducive to bone reconstruction.

Inactivated tumor cells can be used as antigens to stimulate the immune system and enhance immune function. The disadvantages are that there may be complications such as fractures, broken plates and screws, bone nonunion, and poor joint mobility. It is suitable for patients with borderline and malignant tumors in the limbs, pelvis or shoulders with mild bone destruction and no obvious damage to bone strength.

This is an introduction to the treatment methods for malignant bone tumors. I hope the above content can attract your attention. If you have any other questions, please consult an online expert.

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