Overview of laryngeal cancer pathology

Do you know what laryngeal cancer is? Do you know the pathological concept of laryngeal cancer? Experts say: Laryngeal cancer (carcinoma of the laryngx) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial tissue of the laryngeal mucosa. The most common laryngeal cancer is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. It is more common in middle-aged and elderly men. The occurrence of this cancer is related to factors such as smoking, alcoholism, long-term inhalation of harmful substances and papillomavirus infection. So what is the pathology of laryngeal cancer? Let me introduce it to you below.

Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common laryngeal cancer, accounting for about 95% to 98%. Adenocarcinoma is rare, accounting for about 2%. Undifferentiated carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma are rare. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma can be divided into three types according to its development degree: carcinoma in situ, early invasive carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ is rare and can develop into invasive carcinoma after a period of time; early invasive carcinoma is generally caused by carcinoma in situ breaking through the epithelial basement membrane and infiltrating downward, and forming cancer nests in the lamina propria; the vast majority of laryngeal invasive carcinomas are well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and cancer cells can be seen with varying degrees of keratinization and intercellular bridges. Keratin beads can be seen in the center of the cancer nests, and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas are rare. Sometimes the tumor is mainly composed of spindle cells, which is called spindle cell carcinoma. The cancer cells are arranged in a disordered manner and do not form cancer nests, which is quite similar to sarcoma. Verrucous carcinoma is a subtype of laryngeal invasive squamous cell carcinoma. It is rare, accounting for 1% to 2% of laryngeal cancer. The tumor grows in a warty manner into the laryngeal cavity, forming a cauliflower-like mass. Microscopically, it often presents a papillary structure and is a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with varying degrees of local infiltration, slow growth, and rare metastasis.

Vocal cord cancer is the most common type of laryngeal cancer, accounting for about 60% and is well differentiated; most are grade I and II, with less metastasis. The incidence of supraglottic cancer is about 30%, with poor differentiation of cancer cells and more common metastasis. Subglottic cancer is rare, accounting for about 6%. Macroscopically, the tumor may appear as a papillary, warty, or cauliflower-like protrusion, and may also form ulcers locally. Secondary cancer tumors of the larynx are rare, and are generally spread and infiltrated from the thyroid, laryngeal vesicle, and esophagus. Laryngeal cancer that metastasizes from a distant site is rare, and can be transferred from skin melanoma, digestive tract adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, adrenal tumor, lung cancer, etc.

The above is an introduction to the pathological causes and metastasis of laryngeal cancer. I hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other questions, please consult our online experts, who will answer your questions in detail. Feihua Health Network wishes you good health!

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