Distribution of human internal organs

Distribution of internal organs

Human beings are a whole body with life activity functions. Different parts have different names. The names of the head and neck: head and neck; the names of the trunk: chest, back and spine; the names of the upper limbs: shoulder, upper arm, forearm and hand; the names of the lower limbs: buttocks, thigh, calf and foot.

1. Common positions of the human body

In order to facilitate the study and research of the position changes of various parts of the human body and their structures, the terminology stipulates that the body is upright, the eyes are looking straight ahead, the heels are close together, the toes are facing forward, the upper limbs are naturally hanging on both sides of the torso, and the palms are facing forward as the standard anatomical posture of the human body. Based on the above posture, some commonly used terms for human body positions are defined.

Upper - close to the head is called upper;

Lower - close to the sole of the foot is called lower;

Anterior - the one closer to the ventral side is called the anterior;

Posterior - the one close to the dorsal side is called posterior;

Medial - The side close to the midline of the body is called the medial side;

Lateral - Away from the midline of the body is called the lateral side;

Proximal - that which is close to the root of the limb is called the proximal side;

Distal - the part away from the end of the limb is called the distal side;

Ulnar side - The inner side of the forearm is called the ulnar side;

Radial side – The outer side of the forearm is called the radial side;

Shin side – The inner side of the calf is called the shin side;

Peroneal side - The outer side of the lower leg is called the peroneal side;

Superficial - close to the surface of the skin is called superficial;

Deep - Farthest from the surface of the skin is called deep.

2. Cross-section of the human body

(1) The sagittal plane is a section made along the anterior-posterior diameter of the human body perpendicular to the horizontal plane. When the sagittal plane is located in the middle and divides the human body into left and right halves, the section is called the median sagittal plane.

(2) Horizontal plane (cross section) A plane parallel to the ground that divides the human body into upper and lower parts is called a horizontal plane.

(3) Frontal plane (coronal plane) The section made along the left-right diameter of the human body, dividing the human body into front and back parts, is called the frontal plane.