What is the most serious complication of hypertension?

In real life, hypertension is a very common physical disease, which generally occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. With the continuous improvement of dietary levels in real society, hypertension is becoming younger and younger. Suffering from hypertension will not only have a certain impact on physical health, but also easily lead to some complications, such as heart disease and renal artery disease, so blood pressure needs to be controlled in time.

What is the most serious complication of high blood pressure?

Hypertensive complications refer to complications caused by hypertension. If you have high blood pressure, not feeling anything does not mean there is no damage. In the early stages of hypertension, some physical symptoms are not easy to detect, such as spasms of small arteries throughout the body. As the disease progresses, the small arteries gradually harden. Lipid deposition occurs in the intima of medium and large arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi.

This kind of change often occurs in the coronary arteries, cerebral arteries, and renal arteries. Therefore, the fact that high blood pressure has no symptoms does not mean that it is harmless. It will slowly damage the patient's heart, brain, and kidney organs, and can be called an "invisible killer" of health.

Classification

1. Heart complications. Such as left ventricular hypertrophy, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure;

2. Stroke. Such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy;

3. Large and small arteries. Such as arteriosclerosis, aortic dissection;

4. Hypertensive renal damage. Such as slowly progressive arteriolar nephrosclerosis, malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis, and chronic renal failure;

5. Fundus. Such as retinal arteriosclerosis and fundus changes;

Among them, slowly progressive arteriolar nephrosclerosis refers to benign hypertension for 5-10 years, which begins with renal arteriole lesions and is followed by renal parenchymal damage; malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis refers to renal damage caused by malignant hypertension, including renal arteriole lesions and renal parenchymal damage.

How to care for complications of hypertension?

1. Symptomatic care for complications of hypertension

1. Severe headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting may indicate a sudden increase in blood pressure or hypertensive encephalopathy. The patient should be allowed to rest in bed immediately, and changes in blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and heart rhythm should be observed. The patient should contact a physician as soon as possible and take sedative and antihypertensive measures promptly.

2. Difficulty breathing and cyanosis are often manifestations of left heart failure caused by hypertensive heart disease. The patient should be immediately placed in a semi-recumbent position and inhale oxygen. The humidifier bottle used for oxygen inhalation should be replaced with 20% to 30% ethanol, and cardiotonic drugs should be used as prescribed by the doctor.

3. If you experience palpitations, you should closely observe changes in your pulse, heart rate and heart rhythm, and keep records. Comfort the patient, let him rest in bed, and eliminate tension, which will generally relieve the symptoms quickly.

4. Edema may occur in late-stage primary hypertension accompanied by heart and kidney failure. During nursing, care should be taken to strictly record the amount of water intake and output so as to measure the person. Limit sodium salt in the diet (no more than 3 grams of salt per day), rest in bed, elevate the affected limb, and pay attention to protecting the skin to prevent the occurrence of bedsores.

5. Late-stage hypertension can easily cause cerebrovascular accidents, resulting in coma and hemiplegia. For this type of patients, safety care should be provided to prevent falling out of bed, suffocation, limb burns, etc. If the condition is serious, the patient should be transferred to the hospital for treatment.