What medicine to use for fungus

There are many types of fungal infections, some are deep fungal infections and some are superficial fungal infections. No matter which type, they are all serious because fungi are contagious. If they get to other parts of the body, they will spread to other places. So everyone must be careful. After getting the inflammation of a fungal infection, do not throw away your personal belongings casually. Keep them separate from your family members. Let’s take a look at the medications for treating fungal infections.

Introduction

Fungal infections can be divided into two categories: superficial fungal infections and deep fungal infections. Superficial infections are caused by tinea invading the skin, hair, nails and other body surfaces. They have a high incidence rate but low harm. Deep fungal infection is caused by Candida and Cryptococcus invading internal organs and deep tissues. It has a low incidence rate but great harm. Among all the drugs against deep fungal infections, only fluconazole and flucytosine can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and treat central fungal infections.

Commonly used antifungal drugs are divided into drugs for the treatment of superficial fungal infections according to their site of action, including undecylenic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, griseofulvin, nystatin, candidiasis, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, bifonazole (Fuqi, Myconazole, Funing, Fukang, Meike, Bifu), ketoconazole, etc.

Drugs for treating deep fungal infections include flucytosine, amphotericin B, erythromycin, amphotericin (meparicin, clotrimazole), fluconazole (Diflucan, Menifen, Ilican), itraconazole (Sporanox), etc. According to the structure, they are divided into organic acids, polyene antibiotics, azoles, allylamines (such as terbinafine), etc.

Classification

Antifungal drugs are classified according to their chemical structure

Echinocandins

Polyene

Pyrimidines

Antifungal drugs that act on ergosterol on fungal cell membranes

Allylamines

Nitrogen azoles

effect

Drugs that inhibit or kill fungi. In addition to some old antifungal topical drugs such as salicylic acid, resorcinol, iodine, sulfur, etc., new drugs with significant antifungal effects include two categories: antibiotics and synthetic drugs.

①Antibiotics. The main ones are griseofulvin, nystatin and amphotericin B.

Griseofulvin is only effective for dermatophyte diseases, mainly tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, onychomycosis of the hands and feet, etc. When taken orally, a course of treatment is 20 to 30 days, and it needs to be combined with topical anti-tinea drugs. Long-term use may cause a small number of superficial fungi to develop drug-resistant strains, which can be replaced by ketoconazole. Nystatin is used to treat gastrointestinal candidiasis and is applied topically to treat candidal infections of the skin and mucous membranes. It can also be made into a suppository.

Amphotericin B is mainly used to treat deep fungal diseases, such as systemic candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, blastomycosis, Brazilian paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. Add this drug to 5% glucose solution and slowly drip intravenously.

②Synthetic drugs. Including: imidazole drugs (such as clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole and ketoconazole, etc.), flucytosine, and allylamine derivatives. 5-Fluorocytosine treats candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and chromoblastomycosis. Clotrimazole, econazole and miconazole are basically for external use. Miconazole can also be given intravenously. Ketoconazole can also be taken orally. When used externally, it is mainly used to treat skin fungal diseases and cutaneous candidiasis. Oral and intravenous infusions are mainly used to treat deep and superficial fungal diseases.