How to detect favism

Favism is not common in our lives; it is a rare disease. Hemolytic anemia is mainly caused by a deficiency of an enzyme. This disease is closely related to the region and mostly occurs in the southern region. Favism is hereditary, so it must be treated promptly and not allowed to continue to spread. The symptoms of favism are very similar to most diseases, including vomiting, dizziness, and nausea, so you should go to the hospital for treatment and diagnosis in time. Let us take a closer look at how to check for favism.

1. Favism is a type of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which is manifested by hemolytic anemia after eating broad beans. The specific mechanism of hemolysis is unclear. Only a small number of people with G6PD deficiency in the same area will develop the disease, and not everyone will develop the disease every year after eating broad beans. Favism has been found in Southwest, South, East and North my country, with the highest incidence in Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi. 70% of patients were under 3 years old and 90% were male. Adult patients are relatively rare, but there are a few cases where the disease first occurs in middle age or old age. Since G6PD deficiency is hereditary, more than 40% of cases have a family history. This disease often occurs in early summer when broad beans mature. The vast majority of cases are caused by eating fresh broad beans. The disease occurs at different times due to different climates in the north and south. 2. The cause is acute hemolysis caused by contact with fresh broad beans on the basis of hereditary G6PD deficiency.

However, the incidence of favism is quite complicated. For example, favism only occurs in people with G6PD deficiency, but not all people with G6PD deficiency will experience hemolysis after eating broad beans; patients who have developed favism eat broad beans every year, but they may not develop the disease every year; the degree of hemolysis and anemia in the patients has no parallel relationship with the amount of broad beans eaten; the incidence rate in adults is significantly lower than that in children. From this, we can infer that in addition to the lack of G6PD in red blood cells, there must be other factors related to the onset of the disease. It can be seen that the mechanism of hemolysis in favism is more complicated than the drug-induced hemolytic anemia caused by G6PD deficiency and needs further exploration. 3. Clinical manifestations: Favism has an acute onset, and hemolysis usually occurs within 1 to 2 days after eating fresh broad beans. The shortest interval is only 2 hours, and the longest interval can be 9 days. If the disease is caused by inhaling pollen, symptoms can appear within minutes. The length of the incubation period has nothing to do with the severity of symptoms.

The degree and symptoms of anemia in this disease are mostly severe. Symptoms include general discomfort, fatigue, chills, fever, dizziness, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc. The sclera is mildly yellow and the urine is the color of strong black tea or even soy sauce. Symptoms usually last for 2 to 6 days. The most serious cases show symptoms of acute circulatory failure and acute renal failure, such as extremely pale complexion, systemic exhaustion, weak and rapid pulse, decreased blood pressure, dullness or irritability, oliguria or anuria. If anemia, hypoxia and electrolyte imbalance are not corrected in time, it can be fatal. IV. Inspection 1. Screening test

Methemoglobin reduction test, fluorescent spot test, nitrotetrazole blue paper method.

2. Red blood cell examination

Erythrocyte hydantoin body count.

3. Enzyme activity

G6PD activity assay. 5. Diagnosis can be made if acute hemolysis occurs half a month after eating broad beans during the disease season and there is laboratory evidence of G6PD deficiency. Contact with broad bean pollen or infants through suckling can also serve as evidence of broad bean exposure.