Can nephrolithotomy detect kidney stones?

Kidney stones are a common disease. The pain caused by kidney stones is unbearable for many people. Kidney stones need to be treated actively. Failure to treat them in time can cause serious complications, such as ureteral obstruction, urinary tract infection and other diseases. However, before treating kidney stones, relevant examinations are usually required. Can kidney stone angiography detect kidney stones? This is a question that many people are concerned about.

Can nephrolithotomy detect kidney stones?

able. First of all, we should pay attention to various examinations before treatment to avoid misdiagnosis. B-ultrasound, urinary tract plain film, blood routine, urine routine, cystoscopy, and retrograde pyelography are all necessary examination items. Therefore, everyone should make a reasonable diagnosis under the guidance of a doctor so that everyone can get better medical advice in future treatment. Secondly, it should be noted that when performing surgical treatment, the treatment method should be selected according to the actual situation. Generally, pyelolithotomy or renal sinus lithotomy is used: the renal pelvis is opened and stones, staghorn stones or calyx stones are removed. Sometimes a pyelolithotomy within the renal sinus is required to remove the stones. You can receive treatment under the guidance of a doctor. In order to know the exact location of the stones, renal angiography must be performed before ureteral lithotripsy.

Causes of Kidney Stones

The formation process of kidney stones is that certain factors cause the concentration of crystal substances in the urine to increase or the solubility to decrease, resulting in a supersaturated state. Crystals precipitate and grow and accumulate locally, eventually forming stones. There are many factors that affect the formation of stones. Age, gender, race, genetics, environmental factors, eating habits and occupation are related to the formation of stones. Metabolic abnormalities (such as hyperparathyroidism, hypercortisolism, hyperglycemia), long-term bed rest, nutritional deficiencies (vitamin B6 deficiency, magnesium-deficient diet), urinary tract obstruction, infection, foreign bodies and drug use are common causes of stone formation. It is known that urinary stones have 32 components, the most common of which is calcium oxalate. Other components of stones include magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, calcium phosphate, and cystine (an amino acid). Kidney stones are rarely composed of a single type of crystal. Most are composed of two or more types, with one type being the main component.

Classification of kidney stones

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common, accounting for 71% to 84%. The urine is acidic and is hard, not fragile, rough, irregular, brown in color, and can easily damage tissues and cause hematuria. The X-ray features are darker markings in the stones, with irregular edges, sometimes resembling the shape of the renal pelvis or calyx.

Calcium phosphate stones are alkaline in urine and are characterized by being fragile, rough, irregular, grayish white, yellow or brown in color. They are often caused by urinary tract infections and obstructions. It is often mixed with calcium oxalate or magnesium ammonium phosphate to form stone. The X-ray image is clear, the layered lines are obvious, and when the entire renal pelvis and calyces are filled, it appears antler-shaped.

Urate stones are characterized by persistently acidic urine, hard, smooth, granular, yellow or brownish red, and abnormal uric acid metabolism. Most of them are composed of single uric acid and show up lightly or not at all under X-ray.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are infectious stones, characterized by being smooth, polyhedral or conical, and growing rapidly. They are mostly related to recurrent urinary tract infections and anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract. X-ray imaging is clear and the stone density is uneven.