What are the treatment and nursing measures for acute pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema is a common clinical disease. As the name suggests, acute pulmonary edema develops rapidly and the symptoms are very obvious. For the problem of acute pulmonary edema, treatment measures must be taken in time. Acute pulmonary edema has a great impact on the patient's physical health and may induce many complications. In addition to routine treatment for acute pulmonary edema, nursing measures should also be taken seriously.

1. Guardianship

When acute pulmonary edema occurs, the patient should be immediately placed in the ICU, and the ECG monitor and vital signs monitor should be quickly installed. The patient should take a semi-sitting position with the legs hanging down to reduce the amount of venous blood returning to the heart. Add 30% concentration of alcohol to the humidification bottle and inhale oxygen at a high flow rate of 6 to 8 L/min to reduce the surface tension of the foam in the alveoli, eliminate the foam ruptures, and improve the symptoms of hypoxia and ventilation function. Because acute pulmonary edema develops rapidly, patients are not mentally prepared and tend to become extremely irritable, nervous, fearful, and have a sense of impending death. These factors affect the adipose cortex and sympathetic adrenal system, which can increase the burden on the heart, cause renal vasoconstriction, reduce renal blood flow, increase the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone, lead to sodium and water retention, and aggravate heart failure.

2. Medication

During rescue, follow the doctor's orders correctly and quickly, give cardiotonic, diuretic, vasodilator and hormone drugs, record the changes in physical signs before and after medication, and observe whether the symptoms are relieved. For diuresis, inject 80 mg of furosemide rapidly intravenously, accurately record the urine volume every 4 hours, and the intake and output of 24 hours, check blood electrolytes in time, and use vasodilators and hormone drugs, such as 10 mg of phentolamine added to 100 ml of 5% glucose injection and intravenous drip. At the same time, give 10 mg of isoflurane to dilate the veins sublingually, once every 4 hours, closely observe the changes in vascular pressure, control the drip rate, and prevent low blood pressure from causing shock.

3. Nursing

After the symptoms are relieved, the patient is advised to stay in bed and rest, avoid adverse stimulation, reduce visits, and ensure adequate sleep and rest. When the condition is stable and in the recovery period, a rehabilitation plan is formulated to gradually increase the amount of activity, with the principle of not experiencing palpitations and shortness of breath. Avoid excessive fatigue, eat small amounts of easily digestible food, eat more fiber-rich vegetables and fruits, and keep bowel movements smooth. Appropriately control sodium salt intake, avoid respiratory tract infections, and continue to take medication on time.