What are the precautions after interventional surgery

Interventional surgery has been widely used in many diseases, especially tumor treatment. A common one is interventional surgery for liver cancer. There are many things to do after interventional surgery for liver cancer. Attention should be paid to respiratory and dietary care, and cleanliness should be done well.

(1) Respiratory care

Due to the large surgical trauma, elevated diaphragm and restricted respiratory movement, if the patient has difficulty coughing or expectorating, nebulizer inhalation can be given. After each nebulizer inhalation, the patient should be turned over in time, and the back should be tapped lightly. The patient should be guided to press the incision with both hands and take deep breaths and cough. Encourage expectoration.

(2) Diet care

Generally, fasting is for 3 days. After the intestinal motility is restored, full flow, half flow and normal food are given. Due to decreased liver function, loss of appetite and poor nutritional status, nutritional support should be given. When the patient is able to eat, guide the patient to choose some high-calorie, appropriate amount of high-quality protein, high-vitamin, low-fat, low-sodium, easily digestible food. The basic principle is to eat small meals frequently, avoid raw, cold and hard foods, and measure the patient's weight regularly to understand the nutritional status.

(3) Cleaning and care

Because drainage tubes, retained catheters, malnutrition and excessive sputum can become potential risks of infection, skin care should be strengthened, the whole body should be scrubbed with warm water several times a day, the vagina and perineum should be kept clean, the bed should be kept clean and dry, and the bed sheets and hospital gowns should be changed once a day. Strengthen oral care during fasting. Patients and their families are not allowed to remove the gauze at will or touch the incision with their hands to prevent contamination. When replacing each drainage tube, be sure to disinfect it with a diluted iodine tincture cotton swab, use antibiotics reasonably, prevent and control infection, and closely observe physical signs within 5 days after surgery: whether there are bleeding spots, cyanosis and jaundice, observe the exudation and bleeding of the wound, and monitor the patient's urine sugar, urine specific gravity, and urine volume. Reasonably arrange the infusion sequence to provide a reliable basis for patient diagnosis and treatment.

(4) Rehabilitation care

Patients who have undergone liver lobectomy should be closely monitored for consciousness, mental confusion, reduced self-care ability, abnormal personality and behavior, and should not eat a high-protein diet. They should be given carbohydrate-based foods to ensure a balance of water, electrolytes, and other nutrients. Resting in bed and avoiding strenuous exercise, cleaning the intestines before surgery can reduce the source of blood ammonia and eliminate some factors that may cause hepatic encephalopathy after surgery. Intermittent oxygen supply for 3-4 days after surgery can protect liver cells. Maintain blood oxygen saturation above 95%.

In addition, a small number of patients may suffer from local infection of the liver wound due to poor abdominal drainage after hepatectomy, leading to secondary bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding after surgery. The patient's gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, should be closely observed. The color and nature of the vomitus and feces should be observed, and occult blood tests should be performed when necessary.