How many stages does nasopharyngeal cancer have and what are the causes?

How many stages does nasopharyngeal cancer have? What are the causes?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in my country. It originates from the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium and is difficult to detect in the early stages, but it is highly malignant.

I. Primary tumor T stage

T1 primary tumor is confined to the nasopharynx.

T1a The degree of invasion is minimal.

T1b is limited to one wall of the nasopharynx or the junction of two walls.

T1c is limited to two or more walls of the nasopharynx.

T2 The primary lesion invades the nasal cavity, oropharynx, or adjacent muscles and nerves below the skull base.

T3 Primary disease invades bone, paranasal sinuses, or cranial nerves.

After learning about the stages of nasopharyngeal cancer, I believe many people will be very concerned about the cause. Here is an introduction to it:

1. Genetic factors

1. Racial susceptibility: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma mainly occurs in the yellow race in Asia and the South Pacific. Overseas Chinese and their descendants living in low-incidence areas still have a high incidence tendency.

2 Family history is common in patients with familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

2. Viral infection

In recent years, Epstein-Barr virus has been closely related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, Epstein-Barr virus is widely present in all parts of the world, and the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has obvious regional characteristics, which shows that the virus is widely present in all parts of the world and Epstein-Barr virus infection is not the only factor causing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

3. Environmental factors

It may be related to a variety of chemical carcinogens such as nitrosamines and trace elements such as nickel. Vitamin deficiency and sex hormone disorders can change the sensitivity of the mucosa to carcinogens.