What are the related complications after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

What are the related complications after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

1. Mainly including temporomandibular joint dysfunction, soft tissue atrophy and fibrosis, radiation-induced dental caries, radiation-induced jaw osteomyelitis and radiation-induced encephalomyelopathy. There is no correct reversal method at present, and symptomatic treatment and supportive methods are also helpful to a certain extent. Strictly avoid excessive irradiation of important tissues and organs.

2. Systemic reactions to radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma include fatigue, dizziness, gastrointestinal impairment, nausea, vomiting, loss of taste or smell changes in the mouth, insomnia or drowsiness, etc. Some patients may experience blood changes, especially leukopenia. Although the degree varies, it can usually be overcome and radiotherapy can be completed through symptomatic treatment. Take vitamins B1, B6, C, metoclopramide, etc. if necessary. If the white blood cell count drops to less than 3×109, radiotherapy for children should be suspended.

Local reaction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy: In a few patients, the swelling of the parotid gland may gradually subside after 2Gy irradiation. When saliva secretion is significantly reduced after 40Gy irradiation, oral mucosal secretion increases, and the mucosa becomes congested and swollen. The patient has dry mouth and difficulty eating dry food. Excessive irradiation of the parotid gland should be avoided.

The skin, mucous membranes, and salivary glands may also react. Skin reactions are dry or even wet dermatitis, which can be treated topically with 0.1% talcum powder or lanolin as a base anti-inflammatory ointment. Mucosal reactions are manifested as congestion, edema, exudation, and accumulation of secretions in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal mucosa, which can be treated topically with mouthwash and lubricating anti-inflammatory agents.