What types of bile duct cancer are divided into

In life, we must be careful to prevent the occurrence of bile duct cancer, because once it occurs, it is a difficult disease to treat. There are several clinical classifications of bile duct cancer. Different types of bile duct cancer have different characteristics and different degrees of severity. So, let's take a look at the types of bile duct cancer.

The pathological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma vary according to different classifications.

Papillary carcinoma : The gross morphology is papillary-shaped gray or pink fragile tissue, often multiple lesions in the duct, growing toward the surface, forming papillary structures of varying sizes, arranged neatly, and normal tissues may exist between cancer cells. It is common in the lower bile duct and can easily cause incomplete obstruction of the bile duct. This type of tumor mainly infiltrates upward along the bile duct mucosa, and generally does not infiltrate the surrounding tissues, blood vessels, neural lymphatic spaces, and liver tissues of the bile duct. The success rate of surgical resection is high and the prognosis is good.

Sclerosing cancer : It manifests as gray-white annular nodules, often infiltrating along the submucosal layer of the bile duct, causing thickening of the bile duct wall, proliferation of a large amount of fibrous tissue, and infiltration outside the duct to form a fibrous hard mass; accompanied by complete occlusion of some bile ducts, ulceration of the diseased bile duct, chronic inflammation, and atypical proliferation. It is prone to occur in the hilar bile duct and is the most common type of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Sclerosing cancer cells are well differentiated and often scattered in a large amount of fibrous connective tissue. They are easily confused with sclerosing cholangitis, scarring caused by chronic inflammation of the bile duct wall, and fibrous tissue proliferation. Sometimes even frozen tissue pathological examination during surgery is difficult to make a correct diagnosis. Sclerosing cancer has a clear tendency to infiltrate upward along the bile duct wall and invade the surrounding tissues of the bile duct and the liver parenchyma, so radical surgical resection often requires resection of the liver lobe. Despite this, there is often residual cancer tissue at the surgical margin, which cannot achieve true radical resection and has a poor prognosis.

Nodular carcinoma : The tumor forms a nodule that protrudes far into the bile duct. The base of the nodule is continuous with the bile duct wall, and the inner surface of the bile duct is often irregular. The tumor is generally small, with a wide base and an irregular surface. This type of tumor often infiltrates along the bile duct mucosa, and the degree of infiltration into the surrounding tissues and blood vessels of the bile duct is less than that of the sclerotic type. The surgical resection rate is higher and the prognosis is better.

Diffuse invasive cancer : less common, accounting for about 7% of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancerous tissues extensively infiltrate the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts along the bile duct wall, with thickening of the duct wall, narrowing of the duct lumen, and obvious inflammatory reaction of the connective tissue around the duct. It is difficult to determine the original bile duct site of the cancer, and it is generally impossible to surgically remove it, with a poor prognosis.

The above is an introduction to the types of bile duct cancer. I hope it will be helpful to you.

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