What are the diagnostic methods for breast cancer?

In recent years, breast cancer has gradually risen again, and breast cancer screening has been elevated to a position that needs to be taken seriously. Humans are afraid of death, but when it is really irreversible, they are powerless. There are countless people who have died from cancer, and breast cancer is one of the killers. People who are usually very careful and cautious will find symptoms in the early stage, but some people do not have any symptoms in the early stage, so it is best to check regularly. Clinically, it is found that most breast cancer patients have reached the middle and late stages when they have obvious symptoms. Here, we remind the majority of friends who are related to breast cancer to pay attention.

Medical history inquiry: A lump is often the first symptom of breast cancer patients. It is necessary to inquire about the time of onset, location, size, growth rate, whether it is painful, the time and nature of nipple erosion and discharge, and whether there are lumps in the armpits.

Inspection method

1. Mammography

Mammography is a non-invasive method. It uses Siemens-Elema AB breast X-ray machine, which is easy to operate. Its breast plain film images are clear, rich in layers, and have a large amount of information. It is of great significance for the general investigation of breast diseases, especially early breast cancer.

2. Biopsy Pathology Method

Lumpectomy: The entire breast is removed for examination.

Incisional biopsy: Removal of a piece of tissue from a lump or suspicious tissue for examination.

Fine needle aspiration: Use a very thin needle to extract some tissue and cells from a lump, suspicious tissue or effusion for examination. Others, such as nipple discharge, can be examined by smear cytology of nipple discharge, scraping or printing cytology of nipple erosion.

III: Estrogen and progesterone receptor determination

After breast tumor removal, the levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the tumor are measured. If the receptor levels are high, it means that the tumor is more sensitive and effective to endocrine therapy such as tamoxifen.

IV: Ultrasound imaging

Ultrasound imaging is non-destructive. Generally, B-ultrasound is used as the first method of examination for breast hyperplasia. It is simple, accurate and can be used repeatedly.

5. Breast duct endoscopy.

Breast duct endoscopy can directly observe the breast duct epithelium and ductal cavity of patients with nipple discharge, greatly improving the accuracy of etiology diagnosis of patients with nipple discharge, and providing great help for surgical treatment by accurately locating the diseased duct. Breast duct endoscopy helps to detect ductal carcinoma with nipple discharge at an early stage, especially in patients with ductal carcinoma who do not have calcification foci on mammography.

Self-examination

1. Observe from the front, side and other angles to see if the skin is ulcerated or sunken, and if there is secretion from the nipple. 2. Raise both hands and observe if the breasts are sunken. Observe the shape of the breasts from the front, side and other angles.

3. In addition to the rotation and revolution methods, you can also use a horizontal direction to check from the outside of the breast to the inside.

4. Use three fingers other than the thumb and little finger to caress the breasts in a wide range. The breasts can be regarded as the sun, and the fingers move in the same way as the earth rotates and revolves.

5. Put your right hand down and put your left hand into your armpit to see if you can feel the lymph nodes. Grasp the nipple and check if there is any discharge.

Visual examination: Take off your shirt and do a bilateral breast inspection in front of a mirror under bright light: let your arms hang down and observe whether the curved contours of the breasts have changed, whether they are at the same height, whether the nipples and areolas have peeling or erosion, whether the nipples are raised or retracted, then put your hands on your hips and rotate your body left and right to continue observing the above changes.

Palpation: Stand or lie on your back, place your left hand behind your head, and use your right hand to check your left breast. Keep your fingers together and move gradually clockwise from the top of the breast to check for lumps. Follow the order of upper outside, lower outside, lower inside, upper inside, and underarm. Systematically check for lumps. Be careful not to miss any part and do not press or squeeze with your fingertips. After checking the breast, gently squeeze the nipple with your index and middle fingers to observe whether there is bloody secretion. If you find lumps or other abnormalities during the examination, go to the hospital for further examination in time.

The above is an introduction to "What are the examination methods for breast cancer?" When the above symptoms appear, the patient should go to a regular hospital for treatment. Early detection and early treatment can cure breast cancer. People who are related to the pathogenic factors of breast cancer are advised to take preventive measures for breast cancer. If you have other questions about breast cancer, please consult our experts online or call for consultation. I wish you health and happiness!

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