Congenital fundus dysplasia

The nerve structure under the human eyes is very complex. If a nerve is missing, it will affect a person's ability to use their eyes normally. However, there is a disease called congenital fundus dysplasia, which is mainly affected by genetic genes. Therefore, congenital fundus dysplasia will affect a person's normal vision. Many children with congenital fundus dysplasia have amblyopia. So if you suffer from congenital fundus dysplasia, how should you treat it?

Optic nerve hypoplasia is often a defect located at the entrance of the optic nerve, manifested as partial or complete loss of the optic disc. If the optic nerve does not develop at all, it is called optic nerve anomaly. In eyes with optic nerve hypoplasia, the retinal nerve fiber layer becomes thinner or absent, and the number of ganglion cells decreases or disappears. It is generally believed that the disease is caused by a differentiation disorder of the retinal ganglion cell layer during embryonic development.

Causes

Optic nerve hypoplasia may cause growth stagnation or abnormal development due to some reasons during the development process from the initial embryonic stage and organogenesis stage of the fetal period to the end of the third month. Optic nerve dysplasia is a non-progressive congenital abnormality of fundus development caused by impaired differentiation of retinal ganglia during embryonic development of 13 to 17 mm. If the germinal fissure has closed before the development of optic ganglion cells, the paraxial mesoderm tissue cannot enter the germinal fissure, resulting in optic nerve underdevelopment. It is clinically divided into two types. The first type is optic disc coloboma combined with retinal and choroidal coloboma, and the second type is located entirely within the optic nerve sheath, which is a true optic disc coloboma. Patients with choroidal coloboma also have dysplasia of the mesodermal tissue around the primitive optic vesicle.

The specific cause of optic nerve dysplasia and hypoplasia is unknown. A few are dominantly inherited, and most may be related to the effects of drugs or infectious diseases in the early stages of maternal pregnancy. The use of phenytoin, quinine, etc. during pregnancy or infection with syphilis, rubella, and cytomegalovirus can all cause it.

prevention

There is currently no clear preventive measure for this disease, but considering its possible causes, conducting pedigree analysis on the families of patients with the disease and avoiding the birth of high-risk offspring based on genetic laws; as well as avoiding the use of drugs such as phenytoin sodium, quinine, or infection with syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, etc. during pregnancy may be of certain significance in reducing the occurrence of the disease.