What are the symptoms after a sod bug bites a person

In the hot summer, various kinds of insects have increased. While preventing mosquitoes, we must also prevent other poisonous insects. For example, sod moths carry certain viruses and are very harmful to the human body. The sodworms themselves carry certain toxins, so it is easy to spread the disease after biting people. Therefore, you must be cautious and understand what symptoms will occur after the sodworm bites people so that you can receive timely treatment.

Ticks in some areas may carry a hantavirus, which can be transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, animals, etc.

Hantavirus belongs to the Bunyaviridae family. It is an enveloped, segmented, negative-strand RNA virus. Its genome includes L, M, and S3 segments, which encode L polymerase protein, G1 and G2 glycoproteins, and nucleoprotein, respectively. Hantaviruses include Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), Puumala virus (PUUV), Dobrava virus (DOBV) that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), SinNombre virus (SNV), New York virus (NYV), Black Creek Canalvirus (BCCNV), Bayou virus (BAYV), Andes virus (ANV) that cause Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and a group of viruses whose relationship to human diseases is still unclear, such as Prospect Hill virus (PHV), Thailand virus (THAIV), Tula virus (TULV), and Thotapalayam virus (TPMV).

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

After the virus invades the human body, it directly acts on the capillaries and small blood vessels throughout the body, causing extensive damage to the blood vessel walls, increasing the permeability of the blood vessel walls, leading to edema of tissues or organs, and thus congestion or bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes throughout the body, such as redness or bleeding spots on the patient's cheeks, nose, neck, chest, upper arms, etc., and endangering multiple organs such as the heart, lungs, spleen, stomach, kidneys, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands; some patients also have extensive microthrombosis, and are prone to serious water, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders. The most serious damage is to the human kidneys, and severe cases often die from uremia and renal failure. The virus also affects the nervous system, causing severe headaches, orbital pain, back pain and body pain, and patients generally have high fever. Patients with severe illness or who fail to receive timely treatment often develop serious complications such as heart failure, lung edema, and spontaneous renal rupture in the later stages.

The typical symptom in the early stage of hemorrhagic fever is sudden high fever, with body temperature reaching over 40°C, which usually lasts for 4-6 days. Due to the neurotoxicity caused by the virus, patients will experience headaches, orbital pain, and back pain, known as the "three pains" syndrome; because the virus causes extensive damage to the blood vessel walls, the permeability of the blood vessel walls increases, patients will also experience congestion and flushing of the skin of the face, neck, and upper chest, commonly known as the "three reds", which is very similar to a "drunk look", and cord-like hemorrhages will appear on the skin of the trunk and upper limbs, and conjunctival blood. Patients also often experience symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severely ill patients may experience bleeding symptoms such as hemoptysis, hematemesis, blood in the stool, and hematuria. Routine blood examination showed leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, positive urine protein, hematuria, membrane-like substances in the urine and other manifestations of renal function impairment.

The clinical manifestations are multi-system damage and severe illness, with most patients dying within 6 to 9 days after onset.

If early stage patients are not carefully identified, it is easy to mistake them for a "cold". So the emphasis is on early detection! To prevent misjudgment!

Deadly tick species

Ticks generally grow in woods or piles of long-decayed leaves, so in general, if the forest coverage rate in big cities is not very high, you will not see ticks (but that does not mean they do not exist). There is one obvious difference between soft ticks and hard ticks: the mouth of hard ticks for sucking blood is relatively large, and the back shell is hard after sucking full of blood. Unlike other soft ticks, it is very small before sucking blood, and its back is still soft even after it has sucked itself round. Previous observations have shown that hard ticks easily drill into the flesh when sucking blood, while soft ticks will automatically fall off after sucking full of blood, and may fall to the ground before people notice, so soft ticks should be normal. Hard-shelled ticks are smaller than soft-shelled ticks, but they cause more fear to people than soft-shelled ticks. When sucking blood, the hard-shelled tick buries its entire head in the flesh. Even if it is full of blood, it will not fall off automatically. It is not easy to remove it manually. What's worse, even if its body is cut into two, the part that has drilled into the flesh cannot be removed. This is the most terrifying thing about the hard-shelled tick. Perhaps we can imagine that these bloody incidents are caused by this hard-shelled tick.

Symptoms of bites

Ticks usually do not feel pain when biting and sucking blood, but because the chelicerae and hypothalamus pierce the host's skin at the same time, it can cause local congestion, edema, acute inflammatory response, and may also cause secondary infection.

The neurotoxins secreted by some hard ticks in their saliva during the blood-sucking process can cause conduction disorders in the host's motor fibers, leading to ascending muscle paralysis, which can lead to respiratory failure and death, a phenomenon called tick paralysis. It is more common in children. If the tick is discovered in time and removed, the symptoms can be eliminated. Human cases of this disease have been reported in Northeast China and Shanxi.

After a tick bites a person, it emits a numbing sensation, buries its head in the skin and sucks blood, and at the same time secretes a substance that can be harmful to the human body. If it penetrates into the human body, it must be removed immediately. If it is not removed in time: in mild cases, the patient will suffer from unbearable itching in rainy weather a few years later. In severe cases, the patient may suffer from persistent high fever, deep coma, convulsions, and forest encephalitis.

After ticks bite people, they will infect human peripheral blood neutrophils, causing fever with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multiple organ dysfunction as the main clinical manifestations.

After a tick bites a person, the onset of illness is usually acute and severe, with the main symptoms being fever, accompanied by general discomfort, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, as well as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and mental depression.

1. Cause: Caused by the mouthparts of a hard tick or a soft tick piercing the skin.

2. Characteristics of the rash: edematous papules or nodules, redness, swelling, blisters or ecchymosis, with insect bite marks in the center. Ticks are sometimes found.

3. Subjective symptoms: itching or pain.

4. Tick paralysis: It is caused by neurotoxins in tick saliva. It is prone to occur in children and manifests as acute ascending paralysis, which can lead to death due to respiratory failure.

5. Tick bite fever: Symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting appear a few days after the tick sucks blood.

After a tick invades the human body, it sucks blood. The length of time it sucks blood depends on the type of tick. Some ticks can stay on the body surface for 1 to several days. The bite is not painful at first, but varying degrees of inflammatory reaction will appear locally 24 to 48 hours after the bite. In mild cases, there is only erythema locally, with a petechiae or ecchymosis in the center. In severe cases, there are obvious edematous erythema or papules and blisters around the petechiae (this is the same as the rash in the pictures reposted on the Internet). Hard nodules may appear over time, which form ulcers after being scratched. The nodules may last for months or even years without healing. Although the soft tick bites people for a short time after stinging, it is highly toxic and can sometimes cause tissue necrosis. Some ticks can inject toxic saliva into the human body when biting, causing "tick paralysis", which manifests as ascending paralysis and finally death due to invasion of the respiratory center. It is especially common in children. Many ticks can also cause "tick bite fever", in which the patient will experience systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting 1 to 2 days after the tick sucks blood.

Disease Type

⑴ Forest encephalitis: It is an acute infectious disease of the nervous system caused by forest encephalitis virus and is a natural epidemic disease in forest areas. The main vector tick species in China is the Ixodes persulcatus. The virus can be stored in the tick's body for a long time and can be transmitted to the next generation or the third or fourth generation through various metamorphosis stages and through eggs, and can overwinter in the tick's body. The disease mostly occurs from May to August and is mainly distributed in the forest areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in China. The patients are mainly lumberjacks. In addition, cases have also occurred in provinces and autonomous regions such as Sichuan, Hebei, Xinjiang, and Yunnan.

⑵ Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever: It is an acute infectious disease transmitted by ticks and is a natural epidemic disease in desert pastures. The pathogen is a tick-borne RNA virus. Sheep and Tarim rabbits in the epidemic area pastures are the main sources of infection, and patients in the acute stage can also be infected. The main transmission medium is the Asian Hyalomma tick. The pathogen can remain in the tick's body for several months and be transmitted through eggs. In addition to being transmitted by ticks, the disease can also be transmitted through sheep blood through skin wounds, and medical staff can be infected after coming into contact with fresh blood from patients in the acute stage. It is prevalent in Xinjiang, China, with the majority of patients being herders, and the peak period of the disease being April to May.

⑶ Tick-borne relapsing fever: also known as endemic relapsing fever, is a natural focal spirochete disease transmitted by Ornithogalum ticks, with irregular intermittent fever as its main clinical feature. The disease is prevalent in Xinjiang, China. The pathogen is Borrelia persica in the villages and towns of southern Xinjiang, with the Ornithorhynchus papillosa as the vector; the pathogen is Borrelia latyshevyi in the wilderness of northern Xinjiang, with the Ornithorhynchus spp. as the vector. Pathogens can be transmitted through eggs. The papillomavirus can be transmitted through eggs for 8 generations and can be stored for 14 years. The main animal source of infection is rodents, and patients can also serve as a source of infection for this disease.

·⑷Lyme disease: It was first discovered in the forest area of ​​Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province in China in the summer of 1985. The pathogen is Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi). It is a natural epidemic disease transmitted by hard ticks and is more common in spring and summer. The main vector in China is the Ixodes persulcatus tick, and some wild small rodents are reservoir hosts. The disease is widely distributed, with cases reported in more than 20 countries on five continents. China has confirmed that the disease is prevalent in 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

⑸Q fever: The pathogen is Coxiella burneti. The clinical feature of this disease is acute onset. It often spreads between wild animals (rodents) and livestock, and cattle and sheep are the main sources of Q fever infection in humans. The infection is mainly transmitted by inhalation through the respiratory tract, but can also be transmitted through the digestive tract, tick bites, and wounds contaminated by feces. Pathogens can exist in the tick's body for a long time and be transmitted through eggs. For example, the papillomavirus tick can store pathogens for 2 to 10 years. The disease is distributed throughout the world, and Q fever has been confirmed in more than a dozen provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China. Natural infection with the microplus tick, Hyalomma australis tick, and Haemaphysalis companulata tick has been found in endemic areas.

· ⑹North Asian tick-borne rickettsial disease: also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus. The pathogen is Rickettsia sibirica. Small rodents are the main source of infection, with the grassland tick as its main vector, and the edge tick (Dermacentor marginatus) can also spread it. The pathogen can be transmitted through eggs and can survive in the tick for 2 years. The pathogen can be transmitted through tick bites or contamination from tick feces. This disease exists in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang in China.

⑺ Bacterial diseases: Ticks can spread some bacterial diseases, such as plague, brucellosis, and tularemia. Ticks can store some pathogens for a long time and pass them on through their eggs. For example, the plague bacillus can be preserved in the body of the adult steppe tick for 509 days; the tularemia bacillus can survive in the body of the Lahore ornithodoros tick (O. lahorensis) for 200 to 700 days, so ticks play a certain role in preserving the natural foci of these diseases.

(8) Anaplasmosis: Ticks can spread a type of anaplasmosis called “phagocytic anaplasmosis”, which can cause a decrease in platelets and white blood cells. The industry calls this disease "anaplasmosis." [2] It was first discovered abroad in 1994. The full name of anaplasmosis is "human granulocytic anaplasmosis". Initially, the pathogen was thought to be Ehrlichia chaffeensis, but later it was discovered that the pathogen was Anaplasma phagocytophilum. According to experts, anaplasmosis is a zoonosis and was reported in the United States and Europe in the 1990s. Due to the difficulty in isolating and identifying the pathogen, the pathogen was named "Anaplasma" in 2001. But so far, only the United States and some European countries have isolated the pathogen from patients bitten by ticks. China has also isolated the pathogen from sheep and wild mice in the northeast region. The so-called "Anaplasma" is a parasitic fungus that lives inside cells and is mainly transmitted through tick bites.

(9) Red meat allergy: α-galactose is also present in tick saliva. When a tick bites a human, α-galactose enters the bloodstream through saliva and is immediately detected by the human immune system. The immune system sees α-galactose as an invader and "records" it by producing special antibodies. One day later, the α-galactose contained in the red meat eaten by the person bitten by a tick is "recognized" by special antibodies in his body. The immune system mistakenly thinks that the previous invader has come again, so a series of violent immune reactions are triggered, and the human body shows symptoms of red meat allergy. [3]