What are the symptoms of fibrous bone hyperplasia?

In life, many people have encountered the problem of bone hyperplasia. In addition to bone hyperplasia, there is also bone fibrosis. Bone fibrosis occurs in the brain. Cranial fibrosis is a common tissue metabolic disease, which will cause the patient's skull to hyperplasia and cause deformation. Severe cases may also cause multiple malnutrition in patients and even cause multiple complications of the spine. Therefore, the patient's symptoms will be accompanied by yellow-brown deposits on the skin and precocious puberty. Therefore, the common population of this disease is many teenagers, and a few adults will also develop the disease. Moreover, the probability of women developing this disease will be higher. In terms of treatment, medication and physical conditioning are needed to achieve the treatment effect.

Fibrous dysplasia of the skull is a disease in which fibrous tissue replaces bone, causing the skull to thicken and become deformed. The lesions may affect only the skull or may also affect bones in other parts of the body, such as the femur, tibia, spine, etc. The latter is also called multiple fibrous dysplasia. A very small number of them are also accompanied by skin chloasma pigmentation and precocious puberty, also known as McCune-Albright syndrome.

Symptoms and signs

Cranial fibrous dysplasia is more common in adolescents, but can also be seen in adults, and is more common in women. All skull bones can be affected, and clinically the lesions often invade the frontal, parietal and temporal bones, especially the skull base. The vast majority of patients may not have any clinical symptoms, and some patients may experience mild headaches. The most common clinical manifestations are changes in the appearance of the head and face and asymmetric protrusions of local skull bones. The protuberance is soft and rubbery in texture, and contains small islands of sand-like ossification. Since most of the degenerated and thickened skull develops outside the skull rather than grows inside the skull, clinical manifestations of brain compression and increased intracranial pressure rarely occur. Clinically, single lesions or lesions confined to one site and invading several adjacent skull bones are common. In recent years, there have been many reports of multiple lesions simultaneously invading bones in other parts of the body. The lesions may only invade the skull cap, causing local protrusion deformity of the skull, or they may invade the skull base bone, resulting in corresponding clinical manifestations. For example, when the lesion invades the bone around the orbit of the anterior cranial fossa, it may cause the orbit to shrink, the eyeball to protrude, and the eyeball to be restricted in movement; when the lesion invades the maxillary bone, it may cause the maxillary bone to proliferate and harden, resulting in facial bulging, and a "bone lion face" may appear; when the lesion invades the sellar area and sphenoid sinus, it may cause stenosis of the optic foramen, compression and atrophy of the optic nerve, and the patient may experience progressive vision loss or even blindness; when the lesion invades the pituitary gland, some endocrine symptoms may occur, such as precocious puberty. Lesions occurring in the temporal bone can cause narrowing of the external auditory canal, leading to conductive hearing loss. Lesions occurring outside the skull are common in the spine and bones of the lower limbs, and fractures may occur due to similar pathological changes.

Medication

This disease tends to heal itself and stops developing after puberty. Calcium and vitamin D supplements can be tried. If the facial deformity is severe, the protrusion can be removed to achieve the purpose of cosmetic surgery. It is generally believed that the visual impairment caused by the lesion is due to compression of the optic nerve by the narrowing of the optic foramen. Therefore, if fibrous dysplasia syndrome is located in the orbit, it should be removed early and the optic canal decompressed, which can effectively prevent vision loss and the risk of damage to the nervous system caused by surgery is not high. If vision impairment has already occurred, early surgery to decompress the optic nerve should be performed.

Another mechanism may be displacement and distortion of the eyeball, pulling on the optic nerve and causing decreased or even loss of vision. There are also reports of vascular causes of decreased vision. However, some authors believe that the most likely cause of visual impairment is bleeding, mucus or rapid cystic growth within the lesion, which forms a space-occupying lesion and compresses the optic nerve. In this case, optic canal decompression alone is not very effective. Therefore, the anatomical basis of visually impaired patients should be carefully analyzed. If the visual impairment is not caused by optic canal stenosis but by primary or secondary space-occupying lesions, the lesions including the space-occupying lesions should be surgically removed to save vision. However, it should be noted that great care must be taken when surgically removing lesions of skull bone fibrous abnormalities, especially when grinding away the skull bone at the orbital roof. A high-speed cranial drill must be used during surgery to ensure that the drill bit is sharp and the surgeon effectively controls the cranial drill so as not to damage normal nerves and blood vessels. It is very dangerous to use a hand-cranked cranial drill to perform surgery for fibrous dysplasia without a high-speed cranial drill.

Diet and health care

Eat mainly light food and pay attention to dietary regularity.

Preventive Care

Nothing special.

Pathological etiology

The cause of this disease is unknown. Most people believe that bone fibrous dysplasia is an evolutionary disorder, but some people believe that it is related to inflammation or dysfunction of blood vessels, nutritional nerves, endocrine system, etc., and some people believe that it is related to abnormal growth of bone mesenchyme. The relationship between craniocerebral trauma and cranial fibrous dysplasia also needs to be further explored in the future.