Where do liver spots appear?

Liver spots are actually what we call chloasma, which is a relatively common skin problem. Of course, correct conditioning cannot be ignored. The most common one is on the face. Women with high estrogen levels in their blood, pregnancy, or oral contraceptives are more likely to develop chloasma.

Melasma, also known as liver spots, is a yellow-brown pigmentation on the face. Multi-symmetric butterfly distribution in the cheeks. It is more common in women, and high estrogen levels in the blood are the main cause. Its onset is related to pregnancy, long-term oral contraceptives, and menstrual disorders.

(1) Topical medications are the simplest and most commonly used treatment method. Topical tyrosinase inhibitor ointment, such as 5% hydroquinone cream, 2-4% kojic acid cream and 3% arbutin. There are different degrees of therapeutic effects after application. This type of drug is an antioxidant and is easily oxidized in air and sunlight. It should be stored in a sealed container and away from light. In recent years, some people have reported the use of 0.1% retinoic acid ointment to treat chloasma, and topical glucocorticoids also have certain therapeutic effects.

(2) Exfoliation therapy: Topical application of trichloroacetic acid solution can exfoliate the epidermis and remove pigmentation spots. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy can cause the epidermis to freeze and necrotize and then peel off to remove pigments. Grinding surgery uses a grinding head to grind off a layer of the epidermis to achieve the purpose of removing pigments. After the operation, apply sunscreen after the wound heals, otherwise it is easy to relapse after sun exposure.

(3) Mask therapy Mask therapy includes simple mask, mask cream massage and inverted mask. Among them, the inverted mask method has been widely used in the treatment of chloasma and has achieved satisfactory results. Facial mask molding therapy combines medicine, massage and physical therapy, thus having multiple therapeutic effects. The treatment procedure is: cationic steam facial moisturizing - facial mask cream massage - shaping molding agent molding. The medicinal ingredients of the mask cream play a key role in the treatment of melasma. Currently, there are facial masks for removing pigmentation, facial masks for whitening, and herbal masks for treating chloasma.

(4) Laser or intense pulsed light therapy: Recently, there have been reports that photorejuvenation and Q-switched laser treatment are effective in treating some patients with melasma.