What causes sigmoid colon cancer

Sigmoid colon cancer is a type of colon cancer. Early symptoms may include abdominal pain, indigestion, and bloating. In the later stages, abnormal bowel movements may occur. The disease occurs in a section of the colon between the descending colon and the rectum. So what causes sigmoid colon cancer? Let's take a look at the following introduction.

Causes of Sigmoid Colon Cancer

1. Age of onset: most patients develop the disease after the age of 50.

2. Family history: If a person's first-degree relative, such as a parent, has had colorectal cancer, his risk of developing the disease in his lifetime is 8 times higher than that of the general population. About a quarter of new patients have a family history of colorectal cancer.

3. History of colon disease: Certain colon diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis may increase the chance of colorectal cancer. Their risk of colon cancer is 30 times that of ordinary people.

4. Polyps: Most colorectal cancers develop from small precancerous lesions, which are called polyps. Among them, villous adenomatous polyps are more likely to develop into cancer, with a chance of malignancy of about 25%; the malignant rate of tubular adenomatous polyps is 1% to 5%.

5. Genetic characteristics: Some familial tumor syndromes, such as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, can significantly increase the chance of colorectal cancer and occur at a younger age.

Symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer

1. In the earliest stage, there may be symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer, such as abdominal distension, discomfort, and indigestion, followed by changes in bowel habits, such as increased bowel movements, diarrhea or constipation, and abdominal pain before defecation. Later, there may be mucus in the stool or mucus-purulent blood in the stool.

2. Symptoms of poisoning: Due to the blood loss and toxin absorption caused by tumor ulceration, patients may often experience anemia, low fever, fatigue, weight loss, edema and other symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer, especially anemia and weight loss.

3. Intestinal obstruction Symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer: incomplete or complete low-position intestinal obstruction, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation or constipation. Physical examination shows abdominal distension, intestinal type, local tenderness, and strong bowel sounds.

4. Symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer Abdominal mass: It is a tumor or a mass that has infiltrated and adhered to the omentum and surrounding tissues. It is hard and irregular in shape. Some of them may have a certain degree of mobility along the intestinal tract. In the late stage, the tumor infiltration is more severe and the mass may be fixed.