What are the classifications of cystitis

This disease is common in chronic urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy can observe small gray-yellow raised nodules, which are often surrounded by inflammatory mucosa, but sometimes normal mucosa can be seen between the nodules. The lesions are common in the bladder trigone or the bottom of the bladder. Treatment is to control the infection and treat the symptoms.

1. Gangrenous cystitis: In severe cases of infection, abscesses and necrosis of the bladder wall can be seen. Some patients have gangrenous changes in the entire bladder wall and need suprapubic cystostomy and antibacterial flushing.

2. Crusting cystitis: Due to infection by urea-decomposing bacteria, urine becomes alkaline, which causes inorganic salts in urine to precipitate at the bottom of the bladder, forming flaky, yellow-white, hard, flat or slightly raised lesions surrounded by inflammatory mucosa. It can be treated with fluoxetine, norfloxacin, pyrifos, etc.

3. Chemical cystitis: Intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide can cause the drug metabolites to form in the liver and be excreted from the bladder, irritating the bladder mucosa and causing severe cystitis. Ulcers occur in the bladder epithelium. The capillaries in the mucosal lamina propria dilate, causing bleeding that is difficult to treat, and sometimes requires bladder enlargement surgery and ureteral reimplantation surgery.

4. Interstitial cystitis: It is a special type of chronic cystitis. Its main symptoms include severe frequent urination, urgency, lower abdominal pain, urination pain, hematuria, etc. Cystoscopy revealed reduced bladder capacity and submucosal bleeding at the bottom of the bladder or in the trigone.