How do laryngeal tumors spread?

Malignant tumors all have one common characteristic, which is that they spread indefinitely. The reason why many laryngeal tumor patients cannot get effective treatment is basically because the tumor begins to spread and reaches a point where it cannot be controlled, thus threatening their lives. So, how do laryngeal tumors spread?

Laryngeal tumors can spread and metastasize in the following three ways according to their degree of differentiation and primary site:

Direct spread: Advanced laryngeal tumors often spread to the submucosal infiltration. Supraglottic cancer located in the epiglottis can invade the pre-epiglottic space, vallecula, and tongue root. Arytenoid fold cancer spreads outward to the pyriform sinus and lateral wall of the hypopharynx. Glottic cancer can invade the anterior commissure and spread to the contralateral vocal cords; it can also destroy the thyroid cartilage forward, causing the laryngeal body to swell, and infiltrate the anterior soft tissue of the neck. Subglottic cancer spreads downward to the trachea, and can also penetrate the cricothyroid membrane to the anterior cervical muscle layer, develop to both sides, invade the thyroid gland, and affect the anterior wall of the esophagus backward.

Lymphatic metastasis: The metastatic site is often seen in the lymph nodes at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in the deep upper neck group, and then develops along the internal jugular vein to the upper and lower lymph nodes. Subglottic cancer often metastasizes to the paraglottic lymph node group.

Vascular metastasis: can be transferred to the lungs, liver, kidneys, bones, pituitary gland, etc. through the blood circulation.

Laryngeal tumors: http://www..com.cn/zhongliu/ha/hzl.html