How to treat pericardial effusion

Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, pericardial effusion has gradually been paid attention by people. The incidence of pericardial effusion is very high in menopausal women. Since pericardial effusion has no clinical manifestations when the amount is small, it is generally difficult to detect. There are many reasons for pericardial effusion, but if there is only a small amount of pericardial effusion, there is still no big problem. Today let us learn about how to treat pericardial effusion.

1. Basic Content

Hydropericardium is also known as pericardial effusion. Pericardial effusion is a common clinical manifestation. Especially after echocardiography became a routine examination method for cardiovascular disease, the detection rate of pericardial effusion in patients has increased significantly, reaching as high as 8.4%. Most pericardial effusions do not show clinical signs due to their small amount. There are many causes of chronic pericardial effusion, most of which are related to diseases that can affect the pericardium. Analysis of pericardial effusion has important guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases. At the same time, the analysis results of pericardial effusion should be comprehensively evaluated in combination with clinical symptoms and other examination indicators such as serological tumor markers, autoantibody markers and tuberculosis markers.

2. Patient population

The disease is more common in women, and the age of onset is mostly menopause.

3. Reasons

1. Infectivity

1. Bacteria: tuberculosis, pneumococcus, streptococcus, meningococcus, gonococcus.

2. Viruses: ① Coxsackie B, A, Echo virus, influenza virus; ② Infectious mononucleosis.

3. Fungi: Histoplasma, Actinomycetes, Cocci, Aspergillus, and Capsulatum.

4. Parasites: amoeba, filarial worms, and hydatid worms.

5. Rickettsia.

2. Systemic diseases

1. Connective tissue disease: systemic lupus erythematosus. Scleroderma, rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, Takeyasu syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, dermatomyositis, Behcet's disease.

2. Allergic serum sickness, Dresler syndrome, post-pericardiotomy syndrome, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and radiation damage.

3. Erosive pericarditis in patients with metabolic diseases such as uremia, gout, Addison's disease crisis, new fluid edema, and cholesterol pericarditis.

4. Lesions in adjacent organs include acute myocardial infarction, pleurisy, intramural aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, and esophageal disease.

5. Other acute pancreatitis, thalassemia, Boan-Wight syndrome, Wipple syndrome, non-lymphatic arthritis, Relier syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, amyloidosis, familial pericarditis.

3. Tumor

1. Primary mesothelioma and sarcoma.

2. Secondary lung cancer, bronchial cancer, prostate cancer, thymic cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia.

4. Drug-induced

Procainamide, pheniramine, penicillin, isoniazid, phenylbutazone, methylthiophene, cyclophosphamide, anticoagulants.

IV. Treatment Methods

1. First of all, you must be hospitalized. If the condition is mild, conservative treatment can be implemented first. The patient should pay attention to rest, proper nutrition, and avoid spicy food, tobacco, alcohol and other irritating foods.

2. Appropriate doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be given, and the dosage can be slowly reduced over several months until the drug is stopped. If it is ineffective, certain hormone treatments can be given.

3. If conservative treatment is ineffective and the condition is severe enough to cause chest pain, surgical pericardectomy can be considered.