These are some of the diagnostic methods for rectal cancer

Hello everyone, today we will introduce to you some examination methods for rectal cancer. We hope that our efforts can be helpful to you.

1. Rectal examination: It is a necessary step in diagnosing rectal cancer. About 70%-79% of rectal cancer patients can be found through rectal examination. A hard, uneven mass can be palpated; in the late stage, a narrow mass in the intestinal cavity can be palpated. The fixed finger cuff can see dirty pus and blood containing feces.

2. Rectoscopy: The size, shape and location of the tumor can be observed and tissue can be directly taken for pathological examination.

3. Pathological examination: It is the main basis for the diagnosis of rectal cancer. Since rectal cancer surgery often involves diversion, which affects the patient's quality of life, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, the results of pathological examination must be obtained before or during surgery to guide treatment. Never remove the anus easily.

4. Carcinoembryonic antigen determination: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination has been widely carried out and is generally considered to be valuable for evaluating treatment effects and prognosis. Continuous determination of serum CEA can be used to observe the effects of surgery or chemotherapy. A significant decrease in CEA after surgery or chemotherapy indicates a good treatment effect. If the surgery is not thorough or chemotherapy is ineffective, serum CEA often remains at a high level. If CEA drops to normal after surgery and then rises again, it often indicates tumor recurrence.

5. Barium enema contrast imaging: It helps to understand and exclude multiple cancer foci in the large intestine. The imaging manifestations of rectal cancer are as follows: ① Nodular filling defects, mostly on the inner wall of the rectum, round and smooth or slightly lobed, with local intestinal wall stiffness and concave. ② Cauliflower-shaped masses, larger, uneven surface, obvious lobes, wide base, and stiff intestinal wall. ③ Irregular annular stenosis, stiff wall, interrupted mucosa, and sharp boundaries. ④ Irregular intracavitary niches, triangular, long strip, etc., shallow, with uneven surrounding ring embankments. ⑤ Complete intestinal obstruction, or signs of intussusception, the proximal segment of the obstruction is sometimes difficult to display. It should be noted that X-ray examinations of barium enema sometimes cannot show rectal lesions, which can easily give people the illusion that there are no lesions.

6. Ultrasound examination: In cases where rectal tumors are found, further intrarectal ultrasound can be performed. This is a non-invasive examination developed in recent years. Its advantage is that it can determine the depth and range of rectal cancer invasion, and it is also valuable in determining whether there is lymph node metastasis. Liver ultrasound is particularly important to prevent missed diagnosis of rectal cancer liver metastasis.

Rectal cancer warning signs:

The incidence of rectal cancer is high in my country. Since the early symptoms of rectal cancer are atypical or even asymptomatic, it is often misdiagnosed, with a misdiagnosis rate of up to 30%. After a lot of clinical observation, doctors have summarized 10 symptoms that can be regarded as danger signs of rectal cancer:

1. There is pus, blood and mucus in the stool.

2. Changes in bowel habits, increased frequency or diarrhea, tenesmus

3. Bloody or black stool.

4. The shape of the stool changes, becoming thinner, flatter or grooved.

5. Diarrhea and constipation occur alternately.

6. Sudden weight loss

7. Anemia of unknown cause.

8. Abdominal distension, abdominal pain, indigestion, loss of appetite

9. There is a lump in the anus or abdomen.

10. Multiple polyps or papillary adenomas are found.

If you encounter the above situation, you should go to the hospital for examination immediately to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and delay in treatment.

Why is rectal cancer misdiagnosed?

Rectal cancer is most likely to be misdiagnosed as internal hemorrhoid bleeding, polyp bleeding, bacterial dysentery, amoebic dysentery, rectal inflammation, etc. 70% of patients have received treatment for enteritis and hemorrhoids before being diagnosed with rectal cancer, and 40% of patients have undergone surgical treatment for hemorrhoids. These data are very shocking.

The misdiagnosis rate of rectal cancer is so high, mainly because patients under 30 years old are not vigilant enough, and only part of the examination results are checked, or no further examination is performed when "hemorrhoids" are found. Precancerous lesions in the rectum, such as polyps and ulcers, are not treated in time, and develop into cancer. It is particularly important to remind that many of these diseases are missed or misdiagnosed due to the lack of rectal digital examination. Rectal digital examination is the most important method for diagnosing rectal cancer. More than 80% of rectal cancers can be felt during rectal digital examination.

Another important reason for misdiagnosis is that young and middle-aged people are not vigilant enough when they have blood in their stools, changes in bowel habits, anemia, and loss of appetite. Young and middle-aged colorectal cancer often presents with high malignancy, rapid progression, obvious regional lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Therefore, once misdiagnosed, it will bring extremely serious consequences to the patient.

The above is some knowledge about colorectal cancer that we have prepared for you today. I hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts of Feihua Health Network. We are always here to answer your questions. Feihua Health Network is always by your side and cares about your health issues! Feihua Health Network wishes you good health!

Colon cancer: http://www..com.cn/zhongliu/ca/